Common Pollen Modulate Immune Responses against Viral-Like Challenges in Airway Coculture Model

Figure 5

Cytokine production in setup 2. (a) Cocultured cells were first exposed to Toll-like receptor ligand 7/8 (24 hr) and subsequently to three doses (0.625, 2.5, 10 mg/ml) of four different pollen extracts (24 hr) (setup 2, N ≥ 3). (b) Heat map depicting the fold changes of eotaxin, MDC, IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10. (c)–(f) Detailed results of IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Figures show mean ± SEM. a indicates significance from pollen, and b indicates significance from TLR7/8.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)