Broadly Reactive SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Response and Participation of Memory B and T Cells in Patients with Omicron COVID-19 Infection

Table 4

Levels of cytokines/chemokines in patients with Omicron infection and uninfected controls.

Analytes	Omicron-infected patients (n = 19)	Omicron-infected patients vs. uninfected controls	Uninfected controls (n = 36)
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
IL-1β	0.1 (0–0.3)	ns	0.1 (0–1.53)
IL-5	0.8 (0–0.16)	0.035	0.91 (0.1–2.32)
IL-6	0.1 (0–0.21)	0.000	0.08 (0–1.17)
IL-7	0.73 (0.33–1.31)	0.000	0.21 (0.1–1.94)
IL-9	2.15 (0.23–2.51)	0.000	2.17 (0.69–2.37)
IL-15	1 (0–1.89)	0.000	0.18 (0.1–3.12)
IL-17	0.5 (0.45–0.97)	ns	0.58 (0–1.9)
TNF-α	1.09 (0.56–1.73)	0.000	1.28 (0.1–1.95)
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
IL-1ra	1.66 (1.57–2.1)	ns	1.38 (0.1–3.32)
IL-4	0.1 (0–0.4)	ns	0.09 (0–0.71)
IL-10	0.15 (0.06–0.74)	0.012	0.29 (0–1.61)
IL-13	0.1 (0–0.6)	ns	0.1 (0–3.12)
TH1 cytokines
IFN-γ	0.14 (0.05–0.55)	0.000	0.13 (0–1.9)
IL-2	0.08 (0–0.1)	0.000	0.71 (0–1.43)
IL-12(p70)	0.38 (0.31–1.24)	ns	0.27 (0–1.81)
Chemokines
Eotaxin	0.84 (0–1.77)	0.000	1.50 (0–1.98)
CCL-2/ MCP-1(MCAF)	0.54 (0–1.3)	0.000	1.73 (0.05–2.2)
CCL-3/ MIP-1α	0.1 (0–0.5)	0.000	0.41 (0–1.28)
CCL-4/MIP-1β	1.7 (0.28–1.86)	0.000	2.07 (0.1–2.33)
CCL-5/RANTES	2.44 (0–3.16)	0.000	3.43 (0.86–4.02)
IL-8	0.05 (0–0.56)	0.000	1.25 (0–2.03)
CXCL-10/IP-10	1.95 (0.83–3.18)	0.010	1.8 (0.1–2.23)
Growth factors
FGF basic	0.68 (0.6–0.97)	0.000	1.07 (0.1–2.4)
G-CSF	1.15 (0.83–2.12)	0.000	2 (1.39–2.61)
GM-CSF	0.1 (0–0.2)	0.000	0.11 (0–1.13)
VEGF	1.45 (0–1.55)	0.000	2.36 (1.83–2.68)
PDGF-bb	1.56 (0.51–2.5)	0.000	2.23 (1.03–2.97)

Values for cytokines and chemokines are presented as median (IQR). Log₁₀ pg/mL (range); considered significant, ns, nonsignificant.