| | Classification | Name | Characteristics | References |
| | Chemokines/cytokines | CCR7 | (i) Induction of DC migration from the skin to the LN via CCL21-expressing lymphatics
(ii) Lamina propria (LP)-DC in the small intestine induces migration of mDC toward CCL21 | [67, 74] | | CCR8 | (i) Promotion of CD301b+ cDC2 migration | [83] | | CCL25/CCR9 | (i) Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) recruited in metastatic LNs and carcinoma tissue | [75] | | IFN-I | (i) Induction pDC migration | [76] | | IL-10 | (i) Through enhancing adhesion, impairment the migration ability of mDCs | [77] | | TGF-β1 | (i) Inhibition of DC migration from tumors into tumor-dLN | [84] | | TNF | (i) Induction LCs migration to dLN | [85] |
| | Genes/proteins | Enpp2 | (i) Increase of mDC migration activity | [78] | | Fascin1 | (i) Podosome disassembly in mDC and cDC1 | [86, 87] | | Pdlim4 | (i) Involvement of CCR-JNK-mediated migration of mDCs
(ii) Regulation of F-actin rearrangement and dendrite formation | [46] | | PD-L1 | (i) Loss of PD-L1, impairs dermal DC migration from skin to LN | [88] | | β2 integrin | (i) CD11c+CD103+ DC recruitment to the infection site by Trichuris muris | [64] |
| | Receptors | Met | (i) Enhancement of DC adhesion to laminin
(ii) Induction of emigration of DC/LC from the epidermis | [89–91] | | PTPN12 | (i) Induction of DC migration to dLN
(ii) Augmentation of phosphorylation of PYK2 and paxillin | [92] |
| | Other | PGE2 | (i) Induction of CCR7 expression in monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs)
(ii) Reorganizing the F-actin cytoskeleton, regulating the migration of DCs | [60, 79] | | lnc-DPf3 | (i) CCR7-induced DC migration
(ii) Suppression DC migration by inhibiting HIR-1α-dependent glycolysis | [68] |
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Abbreviations. CCR7, C–C chemokine receptor type 7; CCL25, C–C motif chemokine ligand 25; IFN-I, type 1 interferon, IL-10, interleukin 10; TGF-β1, tumor growth factor β1; TNF, tumor necrosis factor, Enpp2, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2; Fascin1, Fascin actin-bundling protein 1; Pdlim4, PDZ and Lim domain protein 4; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; Met, mesenchymal epithelial transition; PTPN12, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; lnc-DPf3, long noncoding RNA DPf3; LP-DC, lamina propria-DC; pDCs, plasmacytoid DCs; LCs, langerhans cells; dLN, draining LN; MoDCs, monocyte-derived DCs.
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