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Case | Perforation location | Perforation | RA indication, mechanism of perforation, type of rotawire, numbers of burr run | Shock |
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1 | LAD-apical branch | Type 5 | Primary indication; vessel trauma by floppy rotawire tip | - |
2 | RCA-M-D junction, acute turn with small radius | Type 2 | Bail-out indication; bias cutting into noncalcified side beyond acute turn, burr deviated from calcium (1.25 mm burr, burr to artery ratio 0.43, floppy rotawire); numbers of burr run = 19 before crossing and another 13 after crossing caused perforation | - |
3 | First diagonal, body | Type 2 | Bail-out indication; bias cutting into noncalcified side beyond D1 ostium, burr deviated from calcium (1.25 mm burr, burr to artery ratio 0.48, floppy rotawire); numbers of burr run = successful crossing in 1 and another 4 after crossing caused the perforation | Hypotensive |
4 | LAD-M, underexpanded stent edge | Type 3 | Bail-out indication; rotawire damage by burr, wire transection and burr derailment (floppy rotawire, 1.25 mm burr); numbers of burr run = 11, all pushed forcefully against the lesion for few seconds (thus damaged the wire) | Profound shock, short-duration |
5 | LCX-PMJ, 90-degree acute turn | Type 3 | Primary indication; wire too shallow, rotawire damage and transection by burr, burr derailment (extra-support rotawire, 1.25 mm burr); numbers of burr run = 3 | No, limited by previous CABG |
6 | First diagonal, body | Type 2 | Bail-out indication; bias cutting into noncalcified side beyond D1 ostium, burr deviated from calcium (1.25 mm burr, burr to artery ratio 0.54, floppy rotawire); numbers of burr run = successful crossing in 1 and another 4 after crossing caused the perforation | - |
7 | LCX-far distal | Type 5 | Vessel trauma by floppy rotawire tip due to no release of brake during dynaglide, | - |
LCX-distal | Type 2 | Bail-out indication; smallest 1.25 mm rota burr too large for small-sized mid-LCX (burr to artery ratio 0.82, floppy rotawire); numbers of burr run = 5 before lesion crossing and another 11 after crossing caused the perforation | - |
8 | LCX-M, acute bends | Type 3 | Primary indication; 1. Start with too big (1.5 mm) burr, could not ablate calcium at inner curvature of first acute turn (burr to artery ratio 0.64, extra-support rotawire) 2. Bias cutting into noncalcified side beyond first turn, burr deviated from calcium; numbers of burr run = 22 before crossing and another 8 after crossing caused the perforation | Profound shock, long duration |
8 | LAD-P, LAD-MDJ, S-shaped bends | Type 3 | Primary indication; bias cutting through calcium into adventitia of proximal curvature (LAD-P) as burr could not go down the very-hard second curvature, burr deviated from calcium (1.25 mm burr, burr to artery ratio 0.45, floppy followed by extra-support rotawires); numbers of burr run = 32 for the floppy and 55 for the extra-support rotawire | Further shock, long duration |
9 | RCA-P-M junction with acute turn | Type 2 | Primary indication; bias cutting into noncalcified inner curvature side of the acute turn (1.5 and 1.75 mm burrs, burr to artery ratio 0.52, floppy rotawire), numbers of burr run = 18 for the 1.5 mm burr and another 11 for the 1.75 mm burr across the perforation site | Hypotensive |
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