Association between Variation of Troponin and Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction before and after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Table 4

Analysis stratified according to the quartiles of delta troponin I.

Variables	Quartile I (n = 284); −79.724–0.347	Quartile II (n = 284); 0.350–4.708	Quartile III (n = 285); 4.845–19.073	Quartile IV (n = 285); 19.161–101.660	value
Median of the △cTnI level (ng/ml)	−5.14	2.09	10.38	52.00	—
Age (years)	60(17)	59(15)	57(15)	59(16)	0.192
Male (%(n))	77.1(219)	79.6(226)	82.5(235)	83.9(239)	0.073
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.25(4.65)	25.95(4.59)	25.90(4.47)	25.95(4.38)	0.284
Heart rate (beats per minute)	75.00(18.00)	74.00(15.00)	73.00(18.00)	76.00(19.00)	0.840
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	126.00(22.00)	124.00(17.00)	123.00(23.00)	122.00(25.00)	0.670
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	77.00(17.00)	76.00(15.25)	77.00(17.00)	77.00(17.00)	0.534
Anterior wall myocardial infarction	140	118	99	143	<0.001
History of PCI (%(n))	9.9(28)	12.7(36)	9.8(28)	6.7(19)	0.120
History of CABG (%(n))	0.7(2)	0.4(1)	0.7(2)	1.8(5)	0.307
GRACE score	102(40)	103(36)	95(34)	104(36)	0.038
The time from chest pain to vessel reperfusion (day)	0.47(0.60)	0.35(0.50)	0.32(0.34)	0.31(0.33)	<0.001
Risk factors
Hypertension (%(n))	59.5(169)	59.5(169)	55.1(157)	63.2(180)	0.277
Hyperlipidemia (%(n))	77.8(221)	75.4(214)	63.2(180)	43.5(124)	0.159
Smoking (%(n))	56.3(160)	44(125)	36.1(103)	17.2(49)	0.848
Diabetes (%(n))	32.7(93)	35.3(100)	30.9(88)	29.8(85)	0.536
Laboratory examinations
MYO	20.00(72.16)	20.99(66.83)	47.16(229.70)	201.68(831.70)	<0.001
CK-MB (ng/mL)	51.50(540.15)	25.00(161.30)	56.00(189.00)	42.04(246.54)	0.023
NT-proBNP (pg/ml)	56.39(684.29)	183.60(1170)	148.90(755.28)	111.7(965.25)	0.514
CRP (mg/L)	6.70(8.86)	4.83(8.45)	5.29(9.00)	6.51(8.06)	0.085
Uric acid (mmol/L)	8.39(69.46)	5.55(70.52)	5.75(68.26)	4.68(7.67)	<0.001
Creatinine (ummol/L)	1.42(4.36)	2.05(4.43)	1.45(1.32)	2.07(0.91)	<0.001
Echocardiography data pre-PPCI
LAD (mm)	35.00(4.00)	35.00(5.00)	35.50(5.00)	36.00(5.00)	0.310
IVSd (mm)	9.00(2.00)	9.00(2.00)	9.00(2.00)	9.00(2.00)	0.476
LVEDV (mm)	48.00(5.00)	49.00(6.00)	49.00(6.00)	50.00(6.00)	0.007
LVPWs (mm)	10.00(1.00)	9.00(1.00)	9.00(1.00)	9.00(1.00)	0.012
EF (%)	56.00(10.00)	56.00(9.00)	57.00(7.00)	54.00(10.00)	<0.001
Angiographic findings pre-PPCI
Triple-vessel disease (%(n))	34.2(97)	32.4(92)	33.3(95)	33.0(94)	0.984
Length of target lesions (mm)	24.00(17.00)	24.00(17.00)	25.00(16.25)	23.5(16.00)	0.479
Target lesion types = C (%(n))	59.5(169)	62.7(178)	65.3(186)	69.5(198)	0.096
The status of target organ thrombosis (%(n))	38.7(110)	44.3(126)	57.9(165)	57.9(165)	0.002
The target organ completed occlusion (%(n))	48.6(138)	54.9(156)	69.8(199)	73.3(209)	<0.001
The target lesion involves branches (%(n))	37.3(106)	30.6(87)	31.6(90)	27.1(77)	0.150
The target organ calcification (%(n))	44.0(125)	44.0(125)	42.2(120)	43.6(124)	0.957
TIMI flow grade prior PPCI = 0 (%(n))	51.4(146)	60.2(171)	73.0(208)	77.2(220)	<0.001
Minimum vessel diameter prior PPCI (mm)	0.00(0.175)	0.00(0.15)	0.00(0.035)	0.00(0.00)	<0.001
Procedural data
The use of IABP (%(n))	6.0(17)	3.2(9)	4.2(12)	6.7(19)	0.100
Number of cardiac stents>1 (%(n))	26.8(76)	21.9(62)	26.6(67)	23.6(67)	0.272
No-reflow phenomenon (%(n))	2.8(8)	3.6(10)	3.2(9)	3.2(9)	0.377
Minimum vessel diameter after PPCI (mm)	3.00(1.00)	3.00(1.00)	3.00(1.00)	3.00(1.00)	0.949
Discharge medication regimen
Statin (%(n))	86.3(245)	75.0(213)	66.0(188)	35.4(101)	0.009
Aspirin (%(n))	88.7(252)	77.8(221)	66.3(189)	35.1(100)	<0.001
Clopidogrel (%(n))	59.9(170)	52.1(148)	38.2(109)	21.4(61)	0.028
Ticagrelor (%(n))	33.1(94)	29.9(85)	29.5(84)	15.4(44)	0.445
ACEI (%(n))	63.7(181)	57.7(164)	46.3(132)	22.8(65)	0.023
ARB (%(n))	7.4(21)	5.6(16)	5.6(16)	4.9(14)	0.468
Beta-blockers (%(n))	83.1(236)	73.2(208)	58.9(168)	33.0(94)	0.024
Ezetimibe (%(n))	2.5(7)	0.7(2)	1.4(4)	0.4(1)	0.370
Nitrate (%(n))	75.4(214)	63.7(181)	52.3(149)	26.7(76)	0.002
Diuretic (%(n))	26.8(76)	20.1(57)	15.4(44)	12.3(35)	0.300
Clinical outcomes evaluated during the follow-up
MACE (%(n))	2.1(6)	6.7(19)	3.9(11)	3.9(11)	0.052
Death (%(n))	1.4(4)	2.8(8)	1.8(5)	3.2(9)	0.342
CV death (%(n))	0.8(2)	2.2(6)	0.7(2)	1.1(3)	0.579
Recurrent myocardial infarction	1.1(3)	2.8(8)	2.1(6)	2.1(6)	0.225
Angina pectoris	5.7(16)	7.1(20)	7.4(21)	3.9(11)	0.575
Stroke (%(n))	1.4(4)	2.1(6)	1.4(4)	1.1(3)	0.893

Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range); categorical variables are presented as % (n). cTnI, cardiac troponin I; BMI, body mass index; PCI, primary percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; D-BIL, direct bilirubin; ApoA, apolipoprotein A; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; LAD, left atrial diameter; IVSd, interventricular septal thickness diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end systolic volume; LVPWs, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; EF, ejection fraction; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.