Surgical Challenges in Multi-Vessel Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Table 2

Procedural characteristics and postoperative outcomes (n = 118).

Characteristics	MICS (n = 118)
Mean number of grafts per patient (n, mean ± SD)	3.19 ± 0.75
Five-vessel grafts, n (%)	1 (0.85)
Four-vessel grafts, n (%)	44 (37.29)
Three-vessel grafts, n (%)	50 (42.37)
Two-vessel grafts, n (%)	23 (19.49)
LITA, n (%)	114 (96.61)
RITA, n (%)	1 (0.85)
Distal anastomoses
Left anterior descending artery, n (%)	115 (97.46)
Diagonal branch, n (%)	58 (49.15)
Ramus branch, n (%)	8 (6.78)
Obtuse marginal branch, n (%)	94 (79.66)
Posterior descending artery, n (%)	65 (55.08)
Posterior branch of the left ventricle, n (%)	14 (11.86)
Right coronary artery, n (%)	9 (7.63)
Operation duration (hour, mean ± SD)	5.15 ± 1.01
Intraoperative blood loss (ml, mean ± SD)	739.41 ± 408.71
Perioperative mortality, n (%)	0 (0)
Intra-aortic balloon pump, n (%)	1 (0.8)
Conversion to sternotomy or CPB, n (%)	0 (0)
Repeat thoracotomy due to bleeding, n (%)	1 (0.8)

LITA, left internal thoracic artery. RITA, right internal thoracic artery. CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass.