Surgical Challenges in Multi-Vessel Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Table 4

Surgical information and clinical outcomes.

	Group a n = 38	Group B n = 80	value
Grafts number (n, mean ± SD)	3.26 ± 0.76	3.16 ± 0.75	0.500
Operation duration (hour, mean ± SD)	5.59 ± 1.11	4.94 ± 0.89	0.001
Combined operations (n)	3 (7.9)	0 (0)	—
Intraoperative blood loss (ml, mean ± SD)	892 ± 532	667 ± 313	0.005
Intraoperative blood transfusion rate, n (%)	3 (7.9)	0 (0)	0.011
30-day mortality, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
New onset stroke, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	6 (16.2)	6 (7.5)	0.148
First 24-hour drainage (ml, mean ± SD)	479 ± 343	337 ± 184	0.004
Chest drainage removal time (day, mean ± SD)	3.37 ± 0.91	2.98 ± 0.66	0.009
Pleural effusion, n (%)	7 (18.4)	2 (2.5)	0.002
Postoperative ventilation duration (hour, mean ± SD)	18.31 ± 13.71	15.14 ± 3.83	0.057
Pulmonary atelectasis or pneumothorax	4 (10.5)	1 (1.3)	0.019
Length of ICU stays (hour, mean ± SD)	22.59 ± 17.31	17.59 ± 3.51	0.015
Postoperative hospital stays (day, mean ± SD)	6.71 ± 1.92	5.96 ± 1.23	0.012
IABP, n (%)	1 (2.6)	0 (0)	0.145
ECMO, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
CRRT, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Conversion to sternotomy or CPB, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Repeat thoracotomy due to bleeding, n (%)	1 (2.6)	0 (0)	0.145

IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump. ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy. CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass.