Anesthesia Management for Pediatrics with Congenital Heart Diseases Who Undergo Cardiac Catheterization in China

Table 2

Reasons for unexpected endotracheal intubation.

Possible reasons	Cases
Bawl violently, swallow large amounts of air, bloat, cough violently, vomiting	3 [5]
Pulmonary hypertensive crisis, induced by contrast	1 [5]
Vomiting, dysphoric, respiratory depression	1 [10]
Air embolism	1 [13]
Facial cyanosis, limb stiffness	2 [14]
Increased respiratory secretion, cough, bronchospasm, laryngospasm	8 [17, 18, 26–28]
Atrioventricular block, heart rate 50 beats per min	1 [17]
Respiratory depression, convulsion	6 [24]
Apnea, anoxic spells	7 [28]
Cardiac arrest	1 [29]