Journal of Interventional Cardiology

Research Article

Anesthesia Management for Pediatrics with Congenital Heart Diseases Who Undergo Cardiac Catheterization in China

Table 3

Drugs used in anesthesia for cardiac catheterization.
DrugsPremedicationInductionMaintenance
Atropine10–20 μg/kg, IM [8, 10, 16, 24, 25]0.01 mg/kg, IV [18, 19, 27]—
Anisodamine0.01 mg/kg, IM [9]——
Atracurium—0.3 mg/kg, IV [24]—
Cisatracurium——0.05–0.1 μg/kg/min, CI [10]
Dezocine—0.1 mg/kg, IV [23]—
Diazepam0.1 mg/kg, IM/IV [9, 21]——
Dolantin1–1.5 mg/kg, IM [8]——
Etomidate—0.1–0.2 mg/kg, IV [10, 14]8–10 μg/kg/min, CI [6, 10]
Fentanyl—1–3 μg/kg, IV [9–11, 15, 17–19, 22, 24, 26, 27]—
Granisetron—0.4 μg/kg, IV [7]—
Haloperidol——0.15–0.3 mg/kg, IM [5]
Isoflurane——1–3%, inhalation [9, 15]
Ketamine—3–8 mg/kg, IM [8, 19, 20, 24]6–8 mg/kg, IM [5]
Ketamine—1-2 mg/kg, IV [5, 7, 10–18, 21–23, 25–28]1-2 mg/kg, IIV [8, 9, 22, 26, 28]
Ketamine——0.9-6 mg/kg/h, CI [14, 21, 23, 24]
Morphine0.1–0.2 mg/kg, IM [15]——
Midazolam0.1 mg/kg, IV [24]50–150 μg/kg, IV [7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17–19, 22, 24, 26, 28]—
Midazolam—0.1 mg/kg, IM [27]—
Promethazine1 mg/kg, IM [8, 28]——
Penehyclidine0.1–0.15 mg/kg, IM [15]0.02–0.04 mg/kg, IV [17, 18, 27]—
Pethidine0.5-1 mg/kg, IM [20, 28]——
Phenobarbital2 mg/kg, IM [25]——
Propofol—1-2 mg/kg, IV [12, 13, 21, 26]1–9 mg/kg/h, CI [6, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23–25]
Propofol——2.5–4 μg/ml, TCI [19]
Rocuronium—0.6 mg/kg, IV [10]—
Remifentanil——4 ng/ml, TCI [19]
Remifentanil——0.05–0.15 μg/kg/min, CI [10, 20]
Scopolamine5–10 μg/kg, IM [8, 13, 19–21, 28]5–20 μg/kg, IV [5, 7, 14, 17]—
Sevoflurane——1%, inhalation [16]
Vecuronium—0.1 mg/kg, IV [15]—
IM = intramuscular injection; IV = intravenous injection; CI = continuous infusion; IIV = intermittent IV; TCI = target-controlled infusion.