Impact of Total Ischemic Time on the Recovery of Regional Wall Motion Abnormality after STEMI in the Modern Reperfusion Era

Table 1

Baseline characteristics.

	DWMSI↓ (n = 109)	DWMSI↑ (n = 42)	value
Demographics
Age, years	62 ± 13	61 ± 10	0.565
Male	82 (75)	33 (79)	0.666
Body mass index, kg/m^2	24.1 ± 3.0	24.5 ± 3.0	0.484
Medical history
Diabetes	36 (33)	12 (29)	0.598
Hypertension	52 (48)	24 (57)	0.299
Smoking ever	52 (48)	21 (50)	0.800
Previous stroke	6 (5.5)	1 (2.4)	0.413
Previous PCI	7 (6.4)	0 (0.0)	0.093
Clinical presentation
Preinfarction angina	7 (6.4)	4 (9.5)	0.511
STEMI location
Anterior	57 (52)	13 (31)	0.075
Inferior	44 (40)	24 (57)
Lateral	5 (4.6)	5 (12)
Posterior	2 (1.8)	0 (0.0)
Killip class
I	74 (68)	32 (76)	0.521
II	17 (16)	7 (17)
III	5 (4.6)	1 (2.4)
IV	13 (12)	2 (4.8)
Culprit vessels
Left main coronary artery	1 (0.9)	0 (0.0)	0.010
Left anterior descending artery	69 (63)	15 (36)
Left circumflex artery	5 (4.6)	6 (14)
Right coronary artery	34 (31)	21 (50)
Extent of CAD
1VD	86 (79)	38 (91)	0.222
2VD	20 (18)	3 (7.1)
3VD	3 (2.8)	1 (2.4)
TIMI flow
Grade 2	10 (9.2)	4 (9.5)	0.947
Grade 3	99 (91)	38 (90)
De novo lesions at follow-up CAG	16 (15)	4 (9.5)	0.402
Door-to-balloon time, minutes	49 (38–62)	48 (36–59)	0.453
Total ischemic time, minutes	178 (105–368)	204 (133–372)	0.232
Group according to total ischemic time (TIT)
≤120 minutes	37 (34)	7 (17)	0.036
120–150 minutes	10 (9.2)	7 (17)	0.192
150–180 minutes	8 (7.3)	5 (12)	0.370
180–210 minutes	7 (6.4)	4 (9.5)	0.511
>210 minutes	47 (43)	19 (45)	0.814
Medications
Aspirin	109 (100)	42 (100)	—
Clopidogrel	92 (84)	31 (74)	0.133
Ticagrelor	4 (3.7)	4 (9.5)	0.150
Prasugrel	14 (13)	8 (19)	0.333
Cilostazol	19 (17)	8 (19)	0.816
Statin	109 (100)	42 (100)	—
β-Blockers	93 (85)	37 (88)	0.659
ACE inhibitor	24 (22)	11 (26)	0.586
Angiotensin II receptor blocker	57 (52)	19 (45)	0.437
Laboratory assessments
Hemoglobin, g/dL	14.4 ± 2.1	14.3 ± 2.4	0.759
CRP, mg/dL	0.99 ± 3.0	0.55 ± 1.5	0.370
BUN, g/dL	15.4 ± 5.3	14.8 ± 5.8	0.521
Creatinine, g/dL	0.89 ± 0.25	0.88 ± 0.28	0.785
Glucose, mg/dL	173 ± 79	161 ± 48	0.346
HbA1c, %	6.8 ± 1.8	6.4 ± 1.2	0.171
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	177 ± 45	180 ± 50	0.723
LDL, mg/dL	118 ± 49	116 ± 51	0.860
CK-MB, ng/mL	147 ± 110	213 ± 109	0.001
Troponin I, pg/mL	30.4 ± 34.3	34.8 ± 21.3	0.440
BNP, pg/mL	104 ± 199	138 ± 209	0.382

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n (%), or median (interquartile range). ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CAD, coronary artery disease; CAG, coronary angiography; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB fraction; CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction. Statistical significance was defined as by Welch’s t-test (continuous variables) or the chi-squared test (categorical variables). The values in bold indicate statistical significance ().