Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement in High-Surgical Risk Patients: A Single-Center Experience and Outcome

Table 3

Echocardiographic assessments of valvular function throughout follow-up.

	TMVR total N: 64	Groups			-value
		TMViV N: 35 (55%)	TMViR N: 16 (25%)	TMViMAC N: 13 (20%)
MV mean Pg (mmHg)
Preprocedure	14.3 ± 5.3	14.8 ± 5.1	12.1 ± 4.6	15.5 ± 6.4	0.162
Immediately/In-hospital	4.4 ± 1.2	4.2 ± 1.3	4.4 ± 1.0	4.6 ± 1.0	0.618
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
3-month postprocedure	4.7 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 1.4	4.6 ± 1.0	5.1 ± 1.4	0.554
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
6-month postprocedure	5.4 ± 1.6	4.9 ± 1.7	5.4 ± 1.5	5.5 ± 1.4	0.438
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
MR
Preprocedure					0.319
(i) Trivial/Mild	3 (4.7%)	3 (8.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
(ii) Moderate	15 (23.4%)	8 (22.7%)	5 (31.3%)	2 (15.4%)
(iii) Sever	26 (40.6%)	10 (28.6%)	7 (43.8%)	9 (69.2%)
Immediately/In-hospital (Trivial/Mild)	10 (15.6%)	3 (8.6%)	5 (31.3%)	2 (15.4%)	0.215
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001
3-month postprocedure (trivial/mild/moderate)	11 (17.2%)	3 (8.6%)	6 (37.5%)	2 (15.4%)	0.074
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
6-month postprocedure (trivial/mild/moderate)	17 (26.6%)	9 (25.7%)	6 (37.5%)	2 (15.4%)	0.670
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
LVEF (%)
Preprocedure	48.8 ± 15.8	49.3 ± 13.8	34.4 ± 11.4	65.2 ± 5.8	<0.001
Immediately/In-hospital	50.7 ± 14.8	51.6 ± 12.9	36.8 ± 10.7	65.5 ± 5.9	<0.001
	<0.001	<0.001	0.006	0.610
3-month postprocedure	52.3 ± 14.0	52.7 ± 12.2	40.3 ± 11.8	65.8 ± 62	<0.001
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.292
6-month postprocedure	53.8 ± 13.0	54.6 ± 11.1	42.4 ± 11.9	65.9 ± 5.6	<0.001
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.157
ESPAP (mm Hg)
Pre-procedure	67.9 ± 18.8	69.7 ± 19.3	61.6 ± 20.4	70.8 ± 14.6	0.302
Immediately/In-hospital	61.0 ± 15.4	60.5 ± 14.3	56.6 ± 17.4	67.5 ± 14.3	0.05
	<0.001	<0.001	0.038	0.072
3-month postprocedure	55.0 ± 15.1	52.6 ± 12.7	50.8 ± 16.7	66.5 ± 14.6	0.006
	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	0.063
6-month postprocedure	51.7 ± 13.6	48.8 ± 9.8	47.7 ± 14.6	66.0 ± 14.7	0.001
	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	0.059
LVOT Pg (mmHg)
Pre-procedure	3.14 ± 1.8	2.7 ± 1.8	2.7 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 0.9	<0.001
Immediately/In-hospital	4.0 ± 1.8	3.0 ± 1.4	3.6 ± 1.5	6.1 ± 0.8	<0.001
	<0.001	0.086	0.59	<0.001
3-month postprocedure	4.1 ± 1.9	3.1 ± 1.4	3.9 ± 1.3	6.45 ± 1.1	<0.001
	<0.001	0.055	0.057	<0.001
6-month postprocedure	4.4 ± 2.2	3.1 ± 1.5	4.0 ± 1.3	7.5 ± 1.9	<0.001
	<0.001	0.061	0.053	<0.001

ESPAP: estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract, MR: mitral regurgitation, MV: mitral valve, Pg: pressure gradient, TMVR: transcatheter mitral valve replacement, TMViV: transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve, TMViR: transcatheter mitral valve-in-ring, TMViMAC: transcatheter mitral valve-in-mitral annular calcification.