Research Article
Relevance of Chronic Total Occlusion for Outcome of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Table 1
Baseline parameters for CTO and non-CTO as well as nonrevascularized and revascularized patients.
| | Baseline characteristics | All Patients | Non-CTO | CTO | value | Non-Revascularized CTO | Revascularized CTO | value | | n = 299 | n = 108 | n = 191 | n = 105 | n = 86 |
| | Age (years) | 69 (60, 76) | 65 (57, 73) | 70 (62, 77) | 0.001 | 70 (62, 76) | 69 (61, 77) | 0.58 | | Female sex | 23 (8) | 14 (13) | 9 (5) | 0.01 | 4 (4) | 5 (6) | 0.49 |
| | Risk factors | | Body-mass index | 28 (25, 31) | 26 (23, 32) | 28 (25, 31) | 0.48 | 28 (25, 31) | 29 (25, 32) | 0.300 | | Diabetes | 105 (35) | 33 (31) | 72 (38) | 0.21 | 39 (37) | 33 (38) | 0.77 | | Hypertension | 269 (90) | 97 (90) | 172 (90) | 0.95 | 90 (86) | 82 (95) | 0.03 | | Renal dysfunction (GFR ≤ 60 ml/min) | 144 (48) | 45 (42) | 99 (52) | 0.09 | 50 (48) | 49 (57) | 0.15 |
| | Coronary arteries | | CAD | | | | <0.001 | | | 0.013 | | 1-vessel | 79 (26) | 51 (47) | 28 (15) | | 22 (21) | 6 (7) | | | 2-vessel | 84 (28) | 31 (29) | 53 (28) | | 31 (29) | 26 (26) | | | 3-vessel | 136 (46) | 26 (24) | 110 (58) | | 53 (50) | 67 (67) | | | Multi vessel CAD | 220 (74) | 57 (53) | 163 (85) | <0.001 | 82 (78) | 81 (94) | 0.002 | | Previous CABG | 124 (42) | 19 (18) | 105 (55) | <0.001 | 31 (30) | 74 (86) | <0.001 | | Myocardial infarction affected artery | | | | 0.899 | | | 0.23 | | LAD | 129 (43) | 48 (44) | 81 (42) | | 43 (41) | 37 (44) | | | CX | 22 (7) | 7 (7) | 15 (8) | | 8 (8) | 7 (8) | | | RCA | 131 (44) | 48 (44) | 83 (43) | | 51 (48) | 32 (38) | | | >1 vessel | 17 (6) | 5 (5) | 12 (6) | | 4 (4) | 9 (11) | | | Myocardial infarction to ablation (months) | 474 ± 470 | 465 ± 606 | 479 ± 370 | 0.81 | 483 ± 425 | 475 ± 295 | 0.893 |
| | Characteristics on admission | | NYHA class III or IV | 119 (40) | 37 (34) | 82 (43) | 0.14 | 47 (45) | 35 (41) | 0.76 | | ICD on admission | 232 (78) | 73 (68) | 159 (83) | 0.002 | 86 (82) | 73 (85) | 0.70 | | ICD at discharge | 283 (95) | 101 (94) | 182 (95) | 0.39 | 102 (97) | 80 (93) | 0.17 | | Betablocker | 279 (93) | 102 (94) | 177 (93) | 0.56 | 97 (91) | 81 (94) | 0.49 | | Amiodarone on admission | 106 (36) | 27 (26) | 79 (41) | 0.006 | 43 (41) | 36 (42) | 0.90 | | Amiodarone at discharge | 107 (36) | 35 (32) | 72 (38) | 0.271 | 40 (38) | 32 (38) | 0.534 | | VT cycle length (ms) | 335 (290, 390) | 320 (260, 376) | 340 (296, 394) | 0.061 | 355 (315, 400) | 335 (290, 400) | 0.16 | | Electrical storm | 189 (63) | 70 (65) | 119 (62) | 0.67 | 64 (61) | 55 (64) | 0.75 | | ICD shock | 161 (63) | 48 (57) | 113 (65) | 0.20 | 57 (54) | 56 (65) | 0.11 |
| | Echocardiography | | LVEF (%) | 33 ± 12 | 35 ± 12 | 32 ± 11 | 0.030 | 33 ± 10 | 32 ± 11 | 0.97 | | LVEDD (mm) | 62 ± 10 | 61 ± 11 | 62 ± 9 | 0.74 | 62 ± 10 | 62 ± 9 | 0.85 |
| | Chronic total occlusion | | | | | | | 0.012 | | LAD | na | na | 67 (35) | na | 28 (26) | 39 (46) | | | CX | na | na | 31 (16) | na | 19 (18) | 12 (14) | | | RCA | na | na | 93 (49) | na | 59 (56) | 34 (40) | | | Multivessel CTO | na | na | 79 (41) | na | 31 (29) | 48 (56) | <0.001 | | IRA | na | na | 167 (87) | na | 91 (87) | 76 (88) | 0.52 | | non-IRA | na | na | 103 (54) | na | 52 (50) | 51 (59) | 0.25 |
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Values presented as n (%), mean ± SD or median (IQR); chronic total occlusion = CTO; circumflex artery = CX; coronary artery disease = CAD; coronary artery bypass graft = CABG; glomerular filtration rate = GFR; implantable cardioverter-defibrillator = ICD; infarct-related artery = IRA; left anterior descending artery = LAD; LV end-diastolic dimension = LVEDD; left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction = EF; New York heart association = NYHA; right anterior descending = RCA; ventricular tachycardia = VT.
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