Joint Analysis of Morphological Parameters and In Silico Haemodynamics of the Left Atrial Appendage for Thrombogenic Risk Assessment

Table 3

Haemodynamic indices (mean ± standard deviation) for the whole LAA in controls and TIA/CVA groups.

	Control	TIA/CVA	value
TAWSS (Pa)	0.31 ± 0.12	0.35 ± 0.14	0.40
ECAP (1/Pa)	0.87 ± 0.61	1.08 ± 0.69	0.35
OSI	0.15 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.04	0.17
RRT (s)	10.03 ± 5.97	11.38 ± 7.04	0.62
Vel/LAAv (m·ml/s/ml)	0.99 ± 0.80	0.84 ± 0.35	0.93

CVA = cerebrovascular accident; ECAP = endothelial cell activation potential; LAAv = left atrial appendage volume; OSI = oscillatory shear index; RRT = relative resident time; TAWSS = time average wall shear stress; TIA = transient ischemic attack; Vel = velocity. Higher values of ECAP, OSI, and RRT as well as lower values of TAWSS and Vel/LAAv indicate a higher risk of thrombus formation.