Joint Analysis of Morphological Parameters and In Silico Haemodynamics of the Left Atrial Appendage for Thrombogenic Risk Assessment

Table 4

Haemodynamic indices (mean ± standard deviation) for the whole LAA and each region for chicken-wing (CW) and non-chicken-wing (Non-CW) LAA shapes.

	Inferior		Middle		Superior		Whole
	Non-CW	CW	Non-CW	CW	Non-CW	CW	Non-CW	CW
TAWSS (Pa)	0.51 ± 0.22	0.50 ± 0.14	0.26 ± 0.13	0.23 ± 0.09	0.11 ± 0.08	0.11 ± 0.10	0.33 ± 0.14	0.33 ± 0.07
ECAP (1/Pa)	0.48 ± 0.22	0.47 ± 0.20	1.11 ± 0.86	0.96 ± 0.47	4.30 ± 6.13	5.67 ± 5.12	0.92 ± 0.61	1.17 ± 0.80
OSI	0.16 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.05	0.14 ± 0.04	0.16 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.06
RRT (s)	4.96 ± 2.02	4.82 ± 1.56	12.52 ± 8.52	11.22 ± 5.42	49.88 ± 61.59	68.51 ± 59.17	10.23 ± 6.32	12.25 ± 7.12
Vel/LAAv (m·ml/s)	1.18 ± 0.83	1.47 ± 0.32	0.50 ± 0.43	0.67 ± 0.17	0.25 ± 0.30	0.29 ± 0.25	0.85 ± 0.67	1.11 ± 0.26

CW = chicken-wing; ECAP = endothelial cell activation potential; LAAv = left atrial appendage volume; OSI = oscillatory shear index; RRT = relative resident time; TAWSS = time average wall shear stress; TIA = transient ischemic attack; Vel = velocity. Results with statistical differences are in bold. Higher values of ECAP, OSI and RRT as well as lower values of TAWSS and Vel/LAAv indicate a higher risk of thrombus formation.