Monitoring Spike Potential and Abrupt Impedance Rise with Concomitant Temperature/Contact Force Change for Timely Detection of the Occurrence of “Silent” or “Nonaudible” Steam Pop

<div>The large circles indicate the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV), and left atrial appendage (LAA). The distribution of steam pop (SP) locations during radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for PVI is marked in red points in the posterior-anterior view of the left atrium.</div>

Journal of Interventional Cardiology

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Monitoring Spike Potential and Abrupt Impedance Rise with Concomitant Temperature/Contact Force Change for Timely Detection of the Occurrence of “Silent” or “Nonaudible” Steam Pop 

Figure 1 | Monitoring Spike Potential and Abrupt Impedance Rise with Concomitant Temperature/Contact Force Change for Timely Detection of the Occurrence of “Silent” or “Nonaudible” Steam Pop 