The Impact of Different Carbon Emission Policies on Liner Shipping

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Port name</td><td class="align_center">Singapore</td><td class="align_center">Felixstowe</td><td class="align_center">Rotterdam</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Shanghai</td><td class="align_center">570</td><td class="align_center">1040</td><td class="align_center">1040</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Ningbo</td><td class="align_center">570</td><td class="align_center">1850</td><td class="align_center">1850</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Xiamen</td><td class="align_center">380</td><td class="align_center">1040</td><td class="align_center">3040</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Yantian</td><td class="align_center">570</td><td class="align_center">1850</td><td class="align_center">1850</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Singapore</td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">1660</td><td class="align_center">1850</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"></td><td class="align_center">Singapore</td><td class="align_center">Xiamen</td><td class="align_center">Shanghai</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Rotterdam</td><td class="align_center">570</td><td class="align_center">1040</td><td class="align_center">1040</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Gdansk</td><td class="align_center">570</td><td class="align_center">1850</td><td class="align_center">1850</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Wilhelmshaven</td><td class="align_center">380</td><td class="align_center">1040</td><td class="align_center">3040</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Felixstowe</td><td class="align_center">570</td><td class="align_center">1850</td><td class="align_center">1850</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Singapore</td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">1660</td><td class="align_center">1850</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>The cargo transportation volume between ports, <span class="nowrap"><svg height="14.8173pt" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-5.52897pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 49.0295 14.8173" width="49.0295pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M474 429L457 433C435 440 389 448 367 448C348 448 323 446 309 443C266 434 195 406 148 366C78 307 23 210 23 101C23 35 55 -12 92 -12C118 -12 146 1 196 35C247 70 311 130 346 173H348L281 -148C268 -211 256 -221 208 -229L191 -232L187 -257L433 -245L437 -219L411 -216C357 -210 350 -205 362 -140L427 207C447 315 461 381 474 429ZM387 387C379 337 363 262 355 236C318 180 201 57 142 57C126 57 112 81 112 128C112 205 150 321 220 376C244 395 280 403 312 403C345 403 370 396 387 387Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.318,3.132)"><path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.199,3.132)"><path d="M400 606C400 634 383 656 353 656C316 656 294 620 294 593C294 564 317 545 343 545C375 545 400 573 400 606ZM366 351C379 413 381 451 356 451C323 451 251 408 183 341L199 313C223 335 267 365 277 365C285 365 284 354 277 312C245 132 222 27 193 -100C182 -148 160 -188 131 -188C113 -188 90 -178 75 -170C64 -164 55 -168 48 -175C38 -185 24 -203 24 -222S48 -257 71 -257C89 -257 131 -241 186 -192C243 -141 286 -46 310 74L366 351Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,14.81,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.308,0)"><path d="M592 498C586 556 582 629 581 675H560C545 656 537 650 510 650H115C87 650 74 652 60 675H40C38 620 33 555 28 495H57C69 539 77 568 89 585C102 607 122 616 205 616H267V123C267 44 259 34 168 28V0H454V28C360 34 352 44 352 123V616H422C498 616 514 608 531 584C542 568 552 543 562 495L592 498Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.329,0)"><path d="M517 162C503 123 484 88 467 68C445 42 417 34 341 34C291 34 256 34 237 47C219 59 213 81 213 128V317H308C395 317 402 311 415 240H444V431H415C403 364 398 356 307 356H213V584C213 613 215 616 246 616H322C394 616 421 609 435 587C448 566 458 544 467 502L496 506C493 557 488 625 488 650H42V622C120 616 128 612 128 523V125C128 43 120 35 29 28V0H511C520 31 540 125 546 158L517 162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.713,0)"><path d="M716 650H478V622C549 617 570 605 575 566C579 535 582 493 582 401V326C582 161 537 40 393 40C269 40 205 133 205 294V521C205 611 213 617 291 622V650H33V622C111 615 120 611 120 521V272C120 154 148 80 208 34C252 0 309 -14 368 -14C434 -14 501 7 548 55C605 116 623 201 623 319V401C623 493 626 536 629 563C633 605 656 618 716 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.374,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Journal of Marine Sciences

The Impact of Different Carbon Emission Policies on Liner Shipping

Table 2