Research Article
Changes in Abiotic Drivers of Green Sea Urchin Demographics following the Loss of a Keystone Predator
Table 3
PERMANOVA results for the main tests of sea urchin density, biomass, size distributions, and recruitment index.
(a) Density |
| Source | SOS | df | MS | Pseudo- | | |
| Island | | 14 | 39892 | 32.637 | 0.001 | 0.344 | Period | 12426 | 3 | 4142 | 3.389 | 0.018 | 0.009 | Island×period | | 28 | 10660 | 8.721 | 0.001 | 0.213 | Residual | | 757 | 1222.3 | | | 0.434 |
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(b) Biomass |
| SOS | df | MS | Pseudo- | | |
| | 14 | | 7.943 | 0.001 | 0.118 | | 3 | | 10.697 | 0.001 | 0.057 | | 28 | | 4.350 | 0.001 | 0.145 | | 757 | | | | 0.680 |
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(c) Size distribution |
| Source | SOS | df | MS | Pseudo- | | |
| Island | | 14 | | 61.519 | 0.001 | 0.375 | Period | | 3 | | 55.700 | 0.001 | 0.113 | Island×period | | 30 | | 13.837 | 0.001 | 0.224 | Residual | | 808 | | | | 0.288 |
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(d) Recruitment index |
| SOS | df | MS | Pseudo- | | |
| 28.157 | 11 | 2.56 | 51.716 | 0.001 | 0.367 | 6.175 | 3 | 2.058 | 41.586 | 0.001 | 0.120 | 8.662 | 25 | 0.347 | 7.001 | 0.001 | 0.127 | 37.321 | 754 | 0.049 | | | 0.386 |
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