DNAzymes, Novel Therapeutic Agents in Cancer Therapy: A Review of Concepts to Applications

Table 3

In vitro applications of DNAzymes in cancer treatment.

Carcinoma cell line/s	mRNA target	DNAzyme	Modifications	Delivery system	Outcome	Reference
CX1.1, HT29, LOVO, LS180, and PC-3	β1 integrin	β1DE-OME	2-O-Methyl modifications at both the 5 and 3 ends	LipofectAMINE^TM reagent (Giboo BRL®).	Inhibition of adhesion and invasion	[28]
PC-3 and HT29	β1 integrin	DEβ1	2-O-methyl modifications at both the 5 and 3 ends	LipofectAMINE^TM reagent	Inhibition of adhesion and invasion	[30]
Saos-2	uPAR	Dz720	Phosphorothioate modifications in the last three nucleotides at both ends	Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen)	Inhibition of invasion and metastasis	[34]
A549	MMP-9	MMP-9 DNAzyme	Phosphorothioate modification at the first and last two phosphodiester linkages	Oligofectamine (Invitrogen)	Inhibition of cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion	[37]
MDA-MB-231	MMP-9	AM9D	—	Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen)	Inhibition of invasion	[42]
SMMC-7721	IGF-II	DRz1	Inverted thymidine at the 3 position	Lipofectamine 2000	Inhibition of invasion, motility, migration, and adhesion	[45]
PC-3, MDA-MB-231, SaOS-2, 143B, SJSA-1, G292, and SW872	c-jun	Dz13	Inverted thymidine at the 3 position	FuGENE6 (Roche)	Induction of apoptosis	[60]
SMMC-7721, HepG2, and Huh7	IGF-IIP3	DRz1	Inverted thymidine at the 3 position	Lipofectamine® 2000 (Invitrogen)	Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis	[41]
PANC-1	Survivin	SD	5 phosphorothioate linkage and 3 SPACER-C3 cap	Oligofectamine (Invitrogen)	Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation	[67]
MCF-7	Survivin	DRz1	—	Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen)	Inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and induction of apoptosis	[68]
PC-3, T24, A549, MDA-MD-231, B9-58, and HCT116	Bcl-xL	DT882	1, 3, or 5 phosphorothioate modifications at both ends	Tetra meso (4-methylpyridyl) porphyrin (TMP)	Induction of apoptosis and chemosensitivity	[69]
PC-3	Aurora kinase A	DZ2	—	FuGENE 6 (Roche)	Suppression of cell growth, inhibition of cell cycle progression, induction of cell apoptosis, and attenuation of cell migration	[78]
K562	p210^BCR-ABL (b3:a2)	S1bcrGUDz	Phosphorothioate modifications in the first two bases at 5 end and the last two bases at 3 end	Liposome (GS2888)	Inhibition of cell growth	[10]
BV173	p210^BCR-ABL (b2:a2)	MeODz3	2-O-Methyl modifications at both ends	Lipofectin	Induction of apoptosis	[88]
BaF3/ BCR-ABLT315I	BCR-ABLT315I	T315IDz	Phosphorothioate modifications in the first two bases at 5 end and the last two bases at 3 end	Cells were transfected by electroporation using the Neon Transfection System (Invitrogen)	Inhibition of cell viability, suppression of cell growth rate, induction of apoptosis, and chemosensitization	[86]
NB4	PML/RARα mRNA	DZ1 and DZ3	—	Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) liposome (Roche)	Inhibition of cell proliferation, reduction of cell viability, and induction of apoptosis	[89]
CNE1-LMP1	Akt1	Dz2	Phosphorothioate modification at the first and last two phosphodiester linkages	Oligofectamine (Invitrogen)	Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis	[99]
SW597	Akt1	DRz1	5 phosphorothioate linkage and 3 CPG-amine C7 cap	Lipofectamine 2000	Inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of invasion	[91]
T98G	PKCα	DRz4	Phosphorothioate modifications at the antisense arms and within the pyrimidine residues of the catalytic core	Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) liposome	Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis	[100]
SW480	K-Ras	DZ-A	Phosphorothioate modifications in the last three nucleotides at the 3 end	Lipofectin (Invitrogen)	Sensitization to chemo- and radiation therapies	[107]
PC9/GR	Mutant EGFR	Ex19delDZ	—	Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen)	Reduction in cell viability, suppression of cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis	[108]
B95-8	LMP1	Dz1, Dz7, and Dz10	Two phosphorothioate modifications on both arms	Tetra meso (4-methylpyridyl) porphyrin (TMP)	Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis	[116]
CNE1-LMP1	LMP1	Dz1, Dz7, and Dz10	Two phosphorothioate modifications on both arms	Tetra meso (4-methylpyridyl) porphyrin (TMP)	Inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and radiosensitization	[126]
SiHa	HPV-16 E6/E7	Dz434-LNA	Locked nucleic acid (LNA) modifications	Lipofectin (Invitrogen)	Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis	[120]
T24	DNMT1	DT433	—	Lipofectamine	Inhibition of cell proliferation	[135]