Effect of Different Polishing Methods on Anodic Titanium Dioxide Formation

Figure 1

SEM images of Ti (a) as-received and after applied pretreatment procedures, (b) mechanically polished (MP), (c) chemically polished (CP), (d) electrochemically polished (EP), and (e) electrochemically and chemically polished (EP + CP).

(a) As-received

(b) MP

(c) CP

(d) EP

(e) EP + CP