Influence of In Situ Oxide Dissolution on the Bottom Morphologies of Detached TiO₂ Nanotube Films

Figure 5

High magnification SEM images of tube bottoms and sides: (a) the loose bottoms, (b) annealed bottoms showing the barrier layer, and (c) the side view of tubes near the bottom showing two shells of tube walls.

(a)

(b)

(c)