Highly Durable Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with Double-Layered Catalyst Cathode

Figure 4

(a) Performance of MEA with double-layered and conventional catalyst cathode. Temperature: 80°C. Anode feed: 2 mol L⁻¹ CH₃OH solution. Flow rate: 3.0 mL min⁻¹. Cathode feed: oxygen at ambient pressure. Flow rate: 200 mL min⁻¹. (b) Linear sweep voltammograms of methanol permeating through the membranes at the double-layered catalyst and the conventional cathode. (c) Nyquist diagrams of MEA with double-layered catalyst and the conventional cathode at 400 mV; the lines correspond to the fit by the equivalent circuit. Anode feed: 2 mol L⁻¹ CH₃OH solution. Flow rate: 3.0 mL min⁻¹. Cathode feed: oxygen at ambient pressure. Flow rate: 200 mL min⁻¹.

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(b)

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