Studies of the Influence of Gold Nanoparticles on Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Table 2

Ability to direct adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs cultured with addition of AuNPs.

Samples	Adipogenic differentiation, positive staining with Oil red		Chondrogenic differentiation, positive staining with Toluidine blue
	Spontaneous differentiation	Induced differentiation	Spontaneous differentiation	Induced differentiation
Control	—	+	—	+
Au_NPs_1.5 µg/ml	—	+	—	+
Au_NPs_3 µg/ml	—	+	—	+
Au_NPs_6 µg/ml	—	+	—	+
Au_NPs_9 µg/ml	—	±	—	+

Notes. “+”: differentiation of more than 50% cells; “±”: differentiation of less than 50% cells; “—”: no differentiation.