Influences of Bath Chemistry and Plating Variables on Characteristics of Electroless Ni–P Films on Si Wafers from Alkaline Citrate Solutions

<div>SEM images of the top surface of the alloy films. The samples are substrate (a), number 14 (b), number 19 (c), number 21 (d), number 23 (e), and number 25 (f).</div>

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Influences of Bath Chemistry and Plating Variables on Characteristics of Electroless Ni–P Films on Si Wafers from Alkaline Citrate Solutions 

Figure 7 | Influences of Bath Chemistry and Plating Variables on Characteristics of Electroless Ni–P Films on Si Wafers from Alkaline Citrate Solutions 