Controlled Release of Ursodeoxycholic Acid from Pullulan Acetate Nanoparticles to Modulate Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in PC-12 Cells

Figure 6

(a) Neuroprotective effects of the UDCA-PA nanospheres (1–50 μg/mL) against glutamate-induced cell death in PC-12 cells were evaluated. Treatment with various concentrations of the UDCA-PA nanospheres for 24 h in PC-12 cells shows live, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, debris, and total apoptotic cells depending on concentration of the UDCA-PA nanospheres. Abbreviations used: Con, untreated control; UPN, UDCA-PA nanospheres. (b) Western blot assay was performed to analyze the expressions of target proteins, and GAPDH was used as an internal reference. Expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-3 of the UDCA-PA nanospheres (1 and 5 μg/mL) against glutamate-induced cell death in PC-12 cells were evaluated. Data represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments in triplicate.

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