Anodic Growth Behavior of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays with Process Parameter Control

Figure 4

FE-SEM image of TiO₂ nanotube arrays with different electrolyte temperature ((a) 0°C, (b) 15°C, and (c) 30°C) and their microstructure change (d).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)