Anodic Growth Behavior of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays with Process Parameter Control

Table 1

Anodic oxidation conditions of different process time, electrolyte temperature, and concentration of NH₄F and DI water in ethylene glycol electrolyte.

Control parameter	Voltage (V)	Time (minute)	NH4F (wt%)	DI water (vol%)	Temperature (°C)
Process time	60	10	0.5	2.2	30
	60	20	0.5	2.2	30
	60	30	0.5	2.2	30
	60	40	0.5	2.2	30
	60	50	0.5	2.2	30
	60	60	0.5	2.2	30
Temperature	60	360	0.5	10.9	0
	60	360	0.5	10.9	15
	60	360	0.5	10.9	30
Concentration of NH4F	60	360	0.3	10.9	30
	60	360	0.5	10.9	30
	60	360	1.0	10.9	30
Concentration of DI water	60	30	0.5	2.2	30
	60	30	0.5	5.3	30
	60	30	0.5	10.9	30