Elastic Properties Investigation on Random and Ordered ZrO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube-Reinforced HA and <i>β</i>-TCP Biocomposites with Finite Element Approach

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Volume fraction</td><td class="align_center">5%</td><td class="align_center">5.5%</td><td class="align_center">6.5%</td><td class="align_center">7.5%</td><td class="align_center">8.5%</td><td class="align_center">10.0%</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">ZrNT quantity</td><td class="align_center">10</td><td class="align_center">11</td><td class="align_center">13</td><td class="align_center">15</td><td class="align_center">17</td><td class="align_center">20</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="7"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Structure parameters for various volume fraction with <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.439pt" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 43.8737 11.439" width="43.8737pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M541 160L512 170C485 116 462 88 439 67C411 41 376 35 318 35C272 35 238 37 224 48C207 61 205 85 212 121L290 533C305 611 308 615 391 622L397 650H139L133 622C217 615 221 612 206 533L126 118C111 41 103 34 23 26L17 0H474C489 31 528 124 541 160Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.185,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.546,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.136,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.399,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><svg height="14.0282pt" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.2728pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7554 77.7596 14.0282" width="77.7596pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M541 160L512 170C485 116 462 88 439 67C411 41 376 35 318 35C272 35 238 37 224 48C207 61 205 85 212 121L290 533C305 611 308 615 391 622L397 650H139L133 622C217 615 221 612 206 533L126 118C111 41 103 34 23 26L17 0H474C489 31 528 124 541 160Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.294,3.132)"><path d="M561 176C543 127 527 95 506 73C478 43 441 36 316 36C247 36 185 38 153 42C290 245 427 439 566 636L559 650H160C130 650 119 652 107 675H83C81 630 76 555 71 492L100 491C112 535 123 560 135 578C152 605 168 614 276 614H449C310 411 169 213 29 15L37 0H554C565 41 583 134 590 170L561 176Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.909,3.132)"><path d="M181 342V451C133 431 89 419 40 411V388C98 381 102 377 102 311V104C102 38 95 32 33 26V0H263V26C186 32 181 38 181 104V287C203 343 235 372 261 372C277 372 289 366 304 352C310 346 318 345 330 350C349 359 362 379 362 399C362 422 338 449 304 449C256 449 213 393 183 342H181Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.285,3.132)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,24.046,3.132)"><path d="M592 498C586 556 582 629 581 675H560C545 656 537 650 510 650H115C87 650 74 652 60 675H40C38 620 33 555 28 495H57C69 539 77 568 89 585C102 607 122 616 205 616H267V123C267 44 259 34 168 28V0H454V28C360 34 352 44 352 123V616H422C498 616 514 608 531 584C542 568 552 543 562 495L592 498Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,28.794,3.132)"><path d="M319 325C317 349 306 409 297 431C277 440 250 449 209 449C117 449 57 389 57 319C57 243 122 209 182 182C232 159 261 135 261 91C261 48 227 21 190 21C130 21 85 79 68 145L41 140C41 104 51 36 58 22C75 7 121 -12 172 -12C252 -12 337 35 337 126C337 195 286 231 210 262C166 281 126 304 126 348C126 388 152 417 191 417C240 417 274 378 294 318L319 325Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.355,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,47.618,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,53.858,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.098,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,70.412,-2.002)"><path d="M200 499C244 499 288 532 288 585C288 637 244 668 201 668C155 668 111 637 111 585C111 532 155 499 200 499ZM201 529C174 529 156 554 156 585C156 615 174 637 200 637C228 637 245 615 245 585C245 554 228 529 201 529Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,68.514,0)"><path d="M673 0V28C608 34 594 43 563 129C499 303 432 494 370 665L339 656L132 132C98 43 84 37 20 28V0H238V28C162 35 154 45 175 108C188 150 203 192 219 237H432C454 176 474 122 487 83S491 36 428 28V0H673ZM418 280H234C265 362 296 450 328 535H330L418 280Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> and <span class="nowrap"><svg height="14.0282pt" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.2728pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7554 79.9009 14.0282" width="79.9009pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M541 160L512 170C485 116 462 88 439 67C411 41 376 35 318 35C272 35 238 37 224 48C207 61 205 85 212 121L290 533C305 611 308 615 391 622L397 650H139L133 622C217 615 221 612 206 533L126 118C111 41 103 34 23 26L17 0H474C489 31 528 124 541 160Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.294,3.132)"><path d="M631 18C609 24 585 35 559 65C534 91 514 117 478 169C448 214 406 281 389 313C462 346 516 399 516 485C516 545 490 590 449 616C412 641 363 650 290 650H42V622C120 615 128 612 128 527V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H300V28C221 34 212 40 212 125V284H244C295 284 312 272 329 244C359 195 395 133 430 84C475 19 516 -3 592 -7C603 -8 615 -8 627 -8L631 18ZM212 316V563C212 591 215 602 223 607C231 613 248 617 277 617C352 617 423 577 423 469C423 415 407 375 368 345C343 324 310 316 260 316H212Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.498,3.132)"><path d="M687 650H462V622C543 612 549 605 530 547C498 447 422 252 372 126H370C302 298 229 492 204 563C188 607 191 615 262 622V650H17V622C77 616 93 608 122 534C180 389 262 172 329 -11H360C436 196 541 450 568 516C606 605 619 614 687 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,19.895,3.132)"><path d="M517 162C503 123 484 88 467 68C445 42 417 34 341 34C291 34 256 34 237 47C219 59 213 81 213 128V317H308C395 317 402 311 415 240H444V431H415C403 364 398 356 307 356H213V584C213 613 215 616 246 616H322C394 616 421 609 435 587C448 566 458 544 467 502L496 506C493 557 488 625 488 650H42V622C120 616 128 612 128 523V125C128 43 120 35 29 28V0H511C520 31 540 125 546 158L517 162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.258,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,40.521,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,46.761,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,53.002,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,59.242,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,62.206,0)"><path d="M137 343C167 482 260 545 321 574C357 591 397 603 429 609L423 641C382 634 335 622 295 608C189 570 37 457 37 238C37 84 125 -12 242 -12C362 -12 447 89 447 209C447 311 374 393 267 393C247 393 226 386 204 376L137 343ZM227 337C318 337 361 256 361 173C361 105 336 22 258 22C176 22 126 120 126 240C126 266 127 291 132 310C155 323 189 337 227 337Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,72.52,-2.002)"><path d="M200 499C244 499 288 532 288 585C288 637 244 668 201 668C155 668 111 637 111 585C111 532 155 499 200 499ZM201 529C174 529 156 554 156 585C156 615 174 637 200 637C228 637 245 615 245 585C245 554 228 529 201 529Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,70.621,0)"><path d="M673 0V28C608 34 594 43 563 129C499 303 432 494 370 665L339 656L132 132C98 43 84 37 20 28V0H238V28C162 35 154 45 175 108C188 150 203 192 219 237H432C454 176 474 122 487 83S491 36 428 28V0H673ZM418 280H234C265 362 296 450 328 535H330L418 280Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Journal of Nanomaterials

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Elastic Properties Investigation on Random and Ordered ZrO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube-Reinforced HA and <i>β</i>-TCP Biocomposites with Finite Element Approach 

Journal of Nanomaterials

Elastic Properties Investigation on Random and Ordered ZrO2 Nanotube-Reinforced HA and β-TCP Biocomposites with Finite Element Approach

Table 1

Elastic Properties Investigation on Random and Ordered ZrO₂ Nanotube-Reinforced HA and β-TCP Biocomposites with Finite Element Approach