Impact of Ramped Concentration and Temperature on MHD Casson Nanofluid Flow through a Vertical Channel

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Material</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="9.39034pt" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.13289 9.39034" width="7.13289pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M516 277C516 378 460 448 376 448C335 448 288 434 240 401C158 345 127 277 107 159C53 -161 38 -221 23 -247L28 -261C43 -260 95 -250 114 -226C122 -216 129 -199 146 -75C152 -29 157 0 164 31C182 9 206 -12 237 -12C267 -12 325 8 376 46C451 102 516 179 516 277ZM432 259C432 134 366 40 259 40C236 40 204 48 171 76L195 203C219 327 253 400 326 400C398 400 432 336 432 259Z"></path></g></svg> (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="14.1101pt" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-5.4742pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.7021 14.1101" width="14.7021pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)"><path d="M573 302C573 402 527 451 414 451C386 451 343 446 313 437L330 513L320 522C295 508 261 484 243 463L230 415C194 400 159 383 126 359L131 330C159 344 187 357 222 368L109 -147C96 -204 80 -214 18 -223L13 -255L256 -244L259 -212L236 -210C184 -205 180 -195 191 -141L219 -1C240 -10 268 -12 284 -12C352 4 431 48 484 104C543 166 573 240 573 302ZM481 290C481 165 381 37 305 37C280 37 249 56 235 71L302 395C328 399 353 402 372 402C427 402 481 378 481 290Z"></path></g></svg> (J/kg·K)</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="9.49473pt" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.66314 9.49473" width="6.66314pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z"></path></g></svg> (W/m·K)</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 69.1389ptpx;"><svg height="15.0208pt" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.429399pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 69.1389 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118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Sodium alginate C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NaO<sub>7</sub>(SA)</td><td class="align_center">989</td><td class="align_center">4175</td><td class="align_center">0.6376</td><td class="align_center">0.99</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 52.1263ptpx;"><svg height="11.9413pt" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.3499002pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 52.1263 11.9413" width="52.1263pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 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<div>Thermophysical characteristics of Cu and SA [<a href="/journals/jnm/2021/3743876/#B29" target="_blank">29</a>, <a href="/journals/jnm/2021/3743876/#B30" target="_blank">30</a>].</div>

Journal of Nanomaterials

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Impact of Ramped Concentration and Temperature on MHD Casson Nanofluid Flow through a Vertical Channel 