Synthesis of Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Film by Two-Step Method Modified with a Double Dipping Circle to Control Its Crystallization and Morphology to Improve Solar Cells’ Performance

Table 1

The ratio between integrated peak PbI₂ (003) and MAPbI₃ (100) and the calculated crystallite sizes of MAPbI₃ fabricated at various dipping times.

	s	s	s	s	s
^(^)	0.70	0.56	0.16	0.63	0.39
Crystallite size (nm)	58.90	57.06	58.08	61.05	60.71

⁽⁾ was calculated based on the integrated peak of PbI₂ (003) and the integrated peak of MAPbI₃ (100).