Magnesium–Magnetic Field Synergy Enhances Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation into Osteoblasts Via the MAGT1 Channel

Figure 3

Osteogenic effects of Mg²⁺ and SMF. (a) Alp staining in BMSCs cultured for 7 days. Mg²⁺-SMF synergy promoted BMSCs ALP activity. (b) Alizarin red staining to detect matrix mineralization in BMSCs cultured for 28 days. The most calcium nodules were observed in BMSCs treated with Mg²⁺-SMF synergy. (c) Western blot analysis of protein expression in BMSCs cultured for 7 days. Mg²⁺ and SMF synergistically promoted the expression of BMSCs COL1, Runx2, SP7, and ALP. (d) Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK assays in BMSCs cultured for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Mg²⁺-SMF synergy promoted BMSCs proliferation.

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