Performance and Environmental Effects of CeO₂/ZrO₂ Nanocomposite in Triple Blend Methyl Ester of Pumpkin and Neem Seed Oil Dosed with Diesel on IC Engine

Table 3

Effect of nano particles with biodiesel on diesel engine performance.

Engine type	Fuel	Nano particles and its size	Performance characteristics		Emission characteristics				Ref.
			BTE	BSFC	CO	HC	PM	NOx
Kirloskar TV1	Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester	Multiwalled carbon nanotubes	↑7.6% for B20 and 2.26%↑ for B20 with EGR	—	↓ for B20 with EGR	↓ B20 with EGR	↓ for B20	↓25.6%; For B20 with EGR	[22]
Kirloskar TV1	Waste cooking oil	MgO; 20.76 nm	↑4.57%	↑28.2%	↓15.71%;	↓22.27%	↓4.68%	↑14.09%	[23]
Urea-SCR diesel engine	Waste frying oil- B20	Mn2O3and Co3O4	↑1.2% and ↑2.7%	↓4%	↓450 ppm and ↓500 ppm	—	—	↓40% and ↓14%	[24]
DEUTZ F1L511	Egyptian Jojoba oil	Al2O3; 50–100 nm	↑15%	↓12%	↓80%	↓60%	↓35%	↓70%	[25]
AV1-Kirloskar	Pongamia methyl ester	Al2O3; 100 nm	↑7%	↓50 ppm	↓using B25A50 and B25A100	↓using B25A50 and B25A100	—	↑for 0–5000 (ppm)	[26]
HATZ-1B30-2	Jatropha methyl ester-B20	Graphene nanoplatelets	↑25%	↑20%	↓65% (0–4000 ppm)	↓65%	↓55%	—	[27]
Kirloskar	Jatropha biodiesel	Al2O3 and CeO2	↑12%	—	↓60%	↓44%	↓38%	—	[28]
Kirloskar TAF1	Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel	1-pentanol and 1- butanol	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑49.5%	↓10% to 23%	[29]
Kirloskar	Canola oil methyl ester	Acetylferrocene, AcCp2Fe, and palladium (II)	—	—	↓60.07%	↓0–20,000 ppm	↓51.33%	↑	[30]
Kirloskar TV1	Pungamia pinnata biodiesel	Coconut shell 20 nm	—	—	↓0.01% vol	↓20% BD80%DF	—	↓18.56%	[31]
Cummins TC, Euro5	Palm oil methyl ester	Carbon coated aluminum	—	↓6%	↓19%	↓14.5%	—	↓6%–22%	[32]
Kirloskar TV1	Poultry litter	Alumina; 20–50 nm	↑	—	↓	↓	↑	↓	[33]