Mechanical Behavior of Helical Spring Made of Composite with and without Material Property Grading under Stable Load

Table 9

Comparison of spring performance.

Computational model	1 (plain steel)	2 (FGM)	3 (composite)
Failure load (N)	981	1450	1070
Deflection (mm)	2.40	2.48	15.07
Spring constant (N/mm)	408.75	584.68	71.00
Weight of spring (g)	307.0	187.7	74.6
Energy stored in spring (J)	1177.20	1798.00	8052.45
Specific energy stored in spring (J/g)	3.83	9.58	108.07