RETRACTED: Environmental Effect of Zinc Oxide Metal Nano Additives in Microalgae Biodiesel in Diesel Engine

Table 2

Engine specification.

Engine type	Make Kirloskar 1 cylinder, 4 stroke water-cooled, diesel (computerized), modified to VCR engine
Model	TV1
Bore diameter	87.50 mm
Stroke	110.00 mm
Combustion principle	Compression ignition
Engine capacity	661 cc
Peak pressure	77.5 kg/cm^2
Power	5.2 kW at 1500 rpm
Dynamometer	Eddy current dynamometer cooled by water includes a loading unit
Airbox	Fabricated by MS including an orifice meter and U-tube manometer
Fuel tank	Maximum capacity of 15 liters including metering column
Piezoelectric sensor	Range 345 bar, including no noise cable
Encoder	1 degree resolution, 5500 RPM speed including TDC pulse
Data acquisition system	NI USB-6210, 250 kb/s, bit-16
Digital voltmeter	0-200 mV range mounted on panel
Temperature detector	RTD type, K-type thermocouple, and PT100
Load indicator	0-50 kg range, digital type
Load sensor	Strain gauge with 0-50 kg range
Direction of rotation	Clockwise (looking from flywheel end side)
Idle speed range	750 rpm to 2000 rpm
Min. running speed	1200 rpm
Fuel timing for the engine	23^0 BTDC
Valve clearance	At inlet 0.18 mm
Valve clearance	At exhaust 0.20 mm
Bumping clearance	0.046 inch to 0.052 inch
BMEP at 1500 rpm	6.35 kg/cm^2
Lubricating oil pump	Gear type
Lub. oil pump	6.50 lit/min