Modeling and Optimization of Electrodeposition Process for Copper Nanoparticle Synthesis Using ANN and Nature-Inspired Algorithms

Table 4

MSE for various hidden layer.

S. no.	Number of hidden layers	MSE–training error	MSE–testing error	MSE–validation error
1	4	1.53439	1.95534	1.30800
2	5	3.13053e–1	4.19351e–1	4.30695e–1
3	7	3.52380e–1	2.35185e–1	4.00370e–1
4	8	3.8609e–1	3.63864e–1	1.34631e–1
5	10	3.73952e–1	4.81492e–1	7.43702e–2
6	12	2.68907e–1	9.00509e–1	1.31692e–1
7	15	7.50953e–1	1.17548e–1	2.01336e–1