Sex-Related Differences in the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis
Table 1
Characteristics of men and women after the run-in period.
Men ()
Women ()
Sex difference
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
value
Age (years)a
42.6
7.3
41.2
7.3
0.43
Body weight (kg)a,b
91.8
14.0
78.0
14.7
<0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)a,b
29.2
3.2
29.6
5.4
0.97
Waist circumference (cm)a,b
102.6
10.7
96.4
10.5
0.01
TAG (mmol/L)a,b
1.86
1.17
1.36
0.63
0.03
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)a
5.56
0.91
5.40
0.60
0.38
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)a
3.61
0.72
3.47
0.52
0.36
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)a,b
1.09
0.31
1.30
0.26
0.002
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)a
117.1
12.6
108.6
10.4
0.004
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)a
80.3
9.0
73.5
9.0
0.003
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)a,b
5.89
0.37
5.68
0.63
0.04
Glucose 120 min postload (mmol/L)a
6.36
1.81
7.02
2.48
0.21
Fasting insulin (pmol/L)a,b
96.0
57.6
86.2
79.3
0.19
Insulin 120 min postload (pmol/L)a,b
493.8
443.0
520.9
588.7
0.84
Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L)b
1.04
0.37
0.94
0.53
0.21
Fasting NEFA (umol/L)b
497.8
180.8
563.8
199.7
0.15
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; TAG, triacylglycerol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acids. These characteristics were measured after the run-in period that is immediately before the controlled MedDiet phase. Differences between men and women were assessed by Student’s -test for unpaired data.
aThese characteristics have been reported in a previous publication [11].
bAnalysis was performed on transformed values.
