Dietary Sources and Nutrient Adequacy Potential of Local Foods among Children (6–23 Months) in Urban Slums of West Oromia (Ethiopia)

Table 4

Comparison of energy and nutrient adequacy between actual and optimized dietary patterns for IYC in west Oromia (Ethiopia).

Nutrients	Percentage of children meeting^a ≥100% EAR			Actual nutrient intake level (RDA)^b			Percentage of RDA			Nutrient contents of optimized diet (≥99% RDA)
	6–23 mos	6–11 mos	12–23 mos	6–23 mos	6–11 mos	12–23 mos	6–8 mos	9–11 mos	12–23 mos	6–23 mos	6–11 mos	12–23 mos
Energy (kcal/day)^c	54.3	60.8	47.4	429.8	310.2	593.9	50.4	45.2	66.4	622.1	690.8	891.0
Protein (g)	89.9	86.7	93.2	18.0	13.5	23.8	100.0	100.0	100.0	23.3	27.6	28.1
Fat (g), 30%^c	n/a	n/a	n/a	17.3	13.5	23.8	65.9	59.0	86.6	25.2	25.7	29.6
CHO (g), 51%	n/a	n/a	n/a	53.1	40.1	76.4	n/a	n/a	n/a	79.5	91.4	133.8
Iron (mg/day)^d	68.1	45.8	91.7	13.3	9.8	18.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	13.3	18.1	20.5
Zinc (mg/day)^d	12.9	10.8	15.1	2.4	1.9	3.2	46.3	46.3	78.1	4.2	5.2	5.9
Vitamin A (μg of RAE/day)	85.6	85.2	85.9	328.2	226.7	448.8	56.7	56.7	100.0	412.5	411.3	603.5
Vitamin C (mg/day)	79.7	99.5	58.9	10.1	7.3	13.0	24.3	24.3	43.3	44.3	46.0	48.8
Calcium (mg/day)	34.2	22.7	46.4	179.5	159.5	199.8	40.0	40.0	50.0	400.7	400.0	399.9

^aPercentage of children consuming 100% or more of the daily median energy and nutrient intake recommendation (median means if 50% or more of the children meet the recommendation), IOM [28]. IOM conversion factors of 1.2 for zinc, vitamin C, and calcium and 1.4 for vitamin A were used. For protein and iron, 66% of the RDI was used as a proxy for the EAR, as previously recommended [26]. Adequate nutrient intake of the children sampled was assumed if 100% of the children meet the proxy EAR. ^bNutrient intake level (RDA) calculated from a median serving size in actual dietary patterns, based on the FAO and WHO (2002) recommended nutrient intakes [30]. ^cNutrient intake level (RDA) calculated from the EAR based on a median serving size in actual dietary patterns. ^dAssuming medium iron and zinc bioavailability as recommended by the FAO and WHO (2002) [30]. n/a: values are not calculated, and only their overall percentage contributions to the total energy were indicated. RAE: retinol activity equivalent.