Moderate and Severe Level of Food Insecurity Is Associated with High Calorie-Dense Food Consumption of Filipino Households

Table 11

Association between dietary inadequacy and food insecurity level (n = 9668).

Dietary	Food security				Pseudo-R^2
	Food secure	Mildly food insecure	Moderately food insecure	Severely food insecure
		OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Poor/borderline food consumption (FCS < 42%)
Model 1^a	Ref	1.29 (1, 1.6)	1.91 (1.63, 2.24)	3.36 (3.1, 4.25)	6.3
Model 2^b	Ref	0.9 (0.72, 1.13)^NS	1.1 (0.9, 1.28)^NS	1.69 (1.41, 2)	11.4
Prevalence of inadequacy of energy
Model 1^a	Ref	1.20 (1.03, 1.4)	1.25 (1.12, 1.37)	1.57 (1.37, 179)	3.6
Model 2^b	Ref	1.13 (0.97, 1.33)^NS	1.15 (1, 1.30)	1.45 (1.24, 1.67)	3.9
Prevalence of inadequacy of protein
Model 1^a	Ref	1.33 (1.15, 1.54)	1.61 (1.45, 1.80)	2.1 (1.83, 2.33)	2.3
Model 2^b	Ref	1.11 (0.96, 1.29)^NS	1.2 (1, 1.34)	1.43 (1.25, 1.64)	4
Prevalence of inadequacy of calcium
Model 1^a	Ref	1.15 (0.96, 1.38)^NS	1.24 (1.1, 1.42)	1.45 (1.23,1.71)	1.7
Model 2^b	Ref	1.1 (0.89, 1.31)^NS	1.11 (0.95, 1.29)^NS	1.26 (1.1, 1.52)
Prevalence of inadequacy of iron
Model 1^a	Ref	1.21 (0.96, 1.53)^NS	1.37 (1.14, 1.64)	1.43 (1.16, 1.77)	4.5
Model 2^b	Ref	1.1 (0.86, 1.4)^NS	1.17 (0.95, 1.43)^NS	1.2 (0.94, 1.54)^NS	4.9
Prevalence of inadequacy of vitamin A RE
Model 1^a	Ref	1.19 (1, 1.4)	1.6 (1.41, 1.81)	2.1 (1.78, 2.38)	2.9
Model 2^b	Ref	0.99 (0.84, 1.17)^NS	1.16 (1, 1.34)	1.38 (1.18, 1.63)	4.5
Prevalence of inadequacy of thiamin
Model 1^a	Ref	1.23 (1.1, 1.42)	1.56 (1.39, 1.75)	1.64 (1.45, 1.87)	1.9
Model 2^b	Ref	1.1 (0.9, 1.22)^NS	1.19 (1.1, 1.35)	1.18 (1, 1.36)	3.2
Prevalence of inadequacy of riboflavin
Model 1^a	Ref	1.35 (1.14, 1.61)	1.91 (1.67, 2.19)	2.14 (1.82, 2.51)	3.8
Model 2^b	Ref	1.1 (0.92, 1.31)^NS	1.34 (1.16, 1.56)	1.36 (1.14, 1.63)	5.7
Prevalence of inadequacy of niacin
Model 1^a	Ref	1.37 (1.11, 1.69)	1.70 (1.45, 2)	2.15 (1.82, 2.54)	2.2
Model 2^b	Ref	1.11 (0.89, 1.37)^NS	1.2 (1, 1.43)	1.35 (1.12, 1.63)
Prevalence of inadequacy of vitamin C
Model 1^a	Ref	1.15 (0.99, 1.33)^NS	1.18 (1.1, 1.32)	1.33 (1.17, 1.5)	0.7
Model 2^b	Ref	1.1 (0.91, 1.24)^NS	1.1 (0.97, 1.24)^NS	1.28 (1.1, 1.47)	1.5

value <0.001, value <0.05, ^NSnot significant. ^aAdjusted for household size, place of residence, and sex of the household head only. ^bAdjusted for household size, place of residence, sex of the household head, electricity of the household, and type of toilet facility of the household, educational level of the household head, occupational level of household head, and socioeconomic status of the household (wealth quintile).