Research Article
Moderate and Severe Level of Food Insecurity Is Associated with High Calorie-Dense Food Consumption of Filipino Households
Table 5
Household characteristics.
| | Characteristics (n = 9668) | All | Food Security | value | | Secure | Mildly insecure | Moderately insecure | Severely insecure | | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| | | Sample, n | 9668 (100) | 3142 (32.5) | 1253 (13) | 3145 (32.5) | 2128 (22) | | | Household size | ≤5 members | 6163 (63.4) | 2243 (71.4) | 819 (65.2) | 1895 (59.6) | 1206 (56) | <0.001 | | | >5 members | 3505 (36.6) | 899 (28.6) | 434 (34.8) | 1250 (40.4) | 922 (43.9) | |
| | Place of residence | Rural | 5948 (55) | 1677 (47.6) | 773 (54.5) | 2116 (61.3) | 1382 (57.3 | <0.001 | | | Urban | 3720 (45) | 1465 (52.4) | 480 (45.5) | 1029 (32.7) | 746 (35.1) | |
| | Sex of household head | Male | 7728 (79.3) | 2429 (76.5) | 1006 (79.4 | 2566 (81.5) | 1727 (79.3) | <0.001 | | | Female | 1940 (20.7) | 719 (23.5) | 247 (20.6) | 579 (18.5) | 407 (20.7) | |
| | Wealth quintile | Poorest | 2175 (20) | 249 (6.6) | 207 (14.5) | 880 (25.8) | 839 (35.4) | <0.001 | | | Poor | 2081 (19.8) | 387 (10.8) | 262 (19.1) | 861 (25.4) | 571 (25.6) | | | | Middle | 1984 (20.5) | 520 (15.5) | 321 (24.9) | 748 (24.6) | 395 (19.9) | | | | Rich | 1842 (20.9) | 830 (27.1) | 285 (25.3) | 491 (17.6) | 236 (13.6) | | | | Richest | 1584 (18.7) | 1153 (40) | 178 (16.2) | 165 (6.6) | 85 (5.5) | |
| | Educational level of the household head | No education | 316 (3.1) | 52 (1.6) | 21 (1.5) | 102 (3.2) | 141 (6.1) | <0.001 | | | Elementary level | 4008 (39.2) | 903 (27.2) | 484 (35.8) | 1488 (45) | 1133 (50.7) | | | | High school level | 3284 (35.2) | 1028 (33.1) | 471 (39.3) | 1138 (37.9) | 647 (32) | | | | Vocational level | 555 (6.2) | 267 (9) | 77 (6.6) | 143 (3.8) | 68 (3.8) | | | | College level | 1504 (16.3) | 892 (29) | 199 (16.7) | 274 (9) | 139 (7.4) | |
| | Occupation of the household head | No occupation | 660 (6.3) | 118 (3.3) | 68 (5) | 246 (7.2) | 228 (10.2) | <0.001 | | | Low-income occupation | 4043 (38.3) | 905 (25.6) | 500 (36.6) | 1547 (46.3) | 1091 (46.8) | | | | Middle-income occupation | 1998 (21.9) | 622 (20.7) | 307 (25.3) | 655 (22.5) | 414 (21.1) | | | | High-income occupation | 2967 (33.5) | 1497 (50.4) | 378 (33.1) | 697 (23.9) | 395 (21.8) | |
| | Electricity in the household | No (no connection/no electricity in the area) | 982 (9.5) | 95 (2.8) | 99 (7.3) | 370 (11.4) | 418 (18.1) | <0.001 | | | Yes | 8686 (90.5) | 3047 (97.2) | 1154 (92.7) | 88.6) | 1710 (81.9) | |
| | Type of toilet facility | No toilet/not water-sealed | 1455 (14.1) | 200 (5.7) | 132 (10.1) | 526 (16.5) | 597 (27.1) | <0.001 | | | Water-sealed (with/without flush) | 8059 (85.6) | 2892 (94.3) | 1109 (89.9) | 2571 (83.5) | 1487 (72.9) | |
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Chi-square test; significant at α = 0.05; significant. |
