Nutrition Knowledge among College of Basic Education Students in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 4

Univariate analysis of demographic variance in nutrition knowledge among study participants.

Characteristics	P1	P2	P3	P4	Total knowledge
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Sex
Male	8.18 ± 2.59	16.74 ± 5.83	4.48 ± 2.02	9.32 ± 2.98	38.72 ± 10.48
Female	8.61 ± 2.30	17.65 ± 5.03	5.15 ± 1.80	9.70 ± 3.13	41.10 ± 9.29
value	0.035	0.046	<0.001	0.136	0.004
Nationality
Kuwaiti	8.39 ± 2.45	17.23 ± 5.37	4.85 ± 1.93	9.51 ± 3.05	39.98 ± 9.85
Non-Kuwaiti	8.67 ± 2.29	17.47 ± 5.75	4.92 ± 1.91	9.72 ± 3.29	40.77 ± 10.34
value	0.411	0.745	0.798	0.625	0.560
Age
Less than 21	8.45 ± 2.30	17.14 ± 5.11	4.85 ± 1.87	9.37 ± 3.00	39.81 ± 9.28
From 22 to 27	8.11 ± 2.65	17.22 ± 6.23	4.82 ± 2.13	9.88 ± 3.15	40.03 ± 11.58
More than 28	9.35 ± 2.91	18.91 ± 4.96	5.09 ± 1.81	10.12 ± 3.44	43.47 ± 9.02
value	0.025	0.185	0.761	0.115	0.116
Governorate
Al Asemah	8.44 ± 2.42	17.89 ± 4.92	5.05 ± 1.77	9.50 ± 3.02	40.88 ± 8.62
Hawalli	8.43 ± 2.49	18.25 ± 5.35	5.10 ± 2.29	9.54 ± 3.37	41.33 ± 10.75
Al Farwaniya	8.24 ± 2.53	17.05 ± 5.47	4.57 ± 1.87	9.70 ± 2.91	39.55 ± 9.95
Al Ahmadi	8.07 ± 2.40	16.18 ± 5.43	4.83 ± 1.83	9.41 ± 2.95	38.50 ± 9.88
Al Jahra	8.83 ± 2.45	16.58 ± 5.44	4.75 ± 1.90	9.45 ± 3.17	39.61 ± 9.78
Mubarak Al-Kabeer	8.87 ± 2.13	19.02 ± 5.33	5.11 ± 1.88	9.62 ± 3.22	42.62 ± 9.83
value	0.140	0.004	0.266	0.983	0.086
Marital status
Single	8.35 ± 2.40	17.26 ± 5.36	4.86 ± 1.94	9.50 ± 3.07	39.96 ± 9.84
Married	8.87 ± 2.54	17.12 ± 5.77	4.88 ± 1.93	9.64 ± 3.06	40.51 ± 10.25
Divorced	6.71 ± 2.28	18.57 ± 3.04	4.43 ± 1.39	10.14 ± 3.67	39.86 ± 8.51
value	0.024	0.78	0.83	0.78	0.087
Have children
No	8.36 ± 2.42	17.16 ± 5.38	4.84 ± 1.92	9.49 ± 3.02	39.85 ± 9.80
Yes	9.05 ± 2.58	18.16 ± 5.70	4.98 ± 1.96	9.95 ± 3.53	42.15 ± 10.63
value	0.043	0.190	0.612	0.296	0.101
No. of children (n = 55)
1-2 children	9.31 ± 2.42	17.56 ± 6.12	4.78 ± 2.15	10.03 ± 3.41	41.69 ± 11.69
3-4 and more	8.70 ± 2.80	19.00 ± 5.07	5.26 ± 1.68	9.83 ± 3.76	42.78 ± 9.18
value	0.388	0.361	0.377	0.834	0.710
Mother employment
Housewife	8.36 ± 2.44	17.26 ± 5.77	5.03 ± 1.88	9.79 ± 2.99	40.44 ± 10.24
Works	8.78 ± 2.28	17.14 ± 4.99	4.84 ± 1.96	9.61 ± 2.95	40.36 ± 9.23
Retired	7.96 ± 2.60	17.42 ± 5.42	4.58 ± 1.93	8.97 ± 3.34	38.93 ± 10.26
value	0.008	0.891	0.092	0.041	0.313
BMI
Underweight	7.91 ± 2.27	15.98 ± 5.82	4.46 ± 1.53	8.76 ± 3.10	37.11 ± 10.05
Normal	8.20 ± 2.38	16.85 ± 5.31	4.70 ± 1.95	9.17 ± 2.98	38.91 ± 9.47
Overweight	8.60 ± 2.27	17.64 ± 5.60	5.02 ± 2.00	10.15 ± 3.31	41.41 ± 10.44
Obese	8.91 ± 2.41	18.23 ± 5.19	5.23 ± 1.85	9.93 ± 2.79	42.30 ± 9.41
value	0.019	0.033	0.024	0.002	0.001
Major subject of study
Science and Technology	8.74 ± 2.33	17.89 ± 5.41	5.17 ± 1.85	10.30 ± 3.08	42.10 ± 9.65
Humanities and Social Science Educational Technology Library and Information Science	8.41 ± 2.21	17.26 ± 5.14	4.64 ± 1.87	9.52 ± 3.00	39.83 ± 9.21
Physical Education and Sport	7.88 ± 2.47	15.66 ± 5.80	4.57 ± 2.16	8.71 ± 3.04	36.82 ± 10.95
Applied Arts and Music	8.44 ± 2.73	17.51 ± 5.63	5.01 ± 1.97	9.29 ± 3.14	40.24 ± 10.53
value	0.185	0.079	0.043	0.006	0.011
Year of study
First year	8.20 ± 2.56	17.32 ± 4.81	4.73 ± 1.93	9.61 ± 2.83	39.85 ± 9.03
Second year	8.66 ± 2.33	17.56 ± 5.17	5.18 ± 1.79	9.67 ± 3.04	41.06 ± 9.27
Third year	8.40 ± 2.44	17.32 ± 5.88	4.63 ± 1.96	9.26 ± 3.19	39.60 ± 10.48
Fourth or more	8.22 ± 2.51	16.52 ± 5.88	4.68 ± 2.03	9.56 ± 3.23	38.97 ± 11.11
value	0.284	0.463	0.023	0.641	0.287
Source of information
TV	8.71 ± 1.54	15.93 ± 3.99	4.21 ± 2.04	7.43 ± 3.48	36.29 ± 8.51
Books and magazines	8.31 ± 2.33	18.31 ± 4.72	4.86 ± 2.08	9.06 ± 3.26	40.53 ± 9.93
Internet	8.49 ± 2.38	17.30 ± 5.47	4.95 ± 1.87	9.92 ± 3.10	40.66 ± 9.90
Friends	8.20 ± 1.84	17.00 ± 5.45	4.92 ± 2.53	9.32 ± 3.01	39.44 ± 9.64
Family	7.84 ± 2.73	16.45 ± 6.01	4.44 ± 2.07	8.73 ± 3.09	37.45 ± 10.80
Dietitians/doctors	8.75 ± 2.60	17.63 ± 5.05	4.96 ± 1.72	9.44 ± 2.57	40.78 ± 8.98
value	0.190	0.461	0.241	0.002	0.077
Cooking habits
Always	9.14 ± 2.33	19.27 ± 4.92	5.39 ± 1.84	9.90 ± 3.63	43.69 ± 9.58
Sometimes	8.47 ± 2.37	17.38 ± 5.30	4.94 ± 1.87	9.71 ± 2.93	40.51 ± 9.66
Rarely	8.35 ± 2.35	17.12 ± 5.14	4.81 ± 1.92	9.55 ± 3.03	39.83 ± 9.16
Never	7.59 ± 3.05	14.80 ± 6.58	3.90 ± 2.13	7.92 ± 3.14	34.20 ± 11.82
value	0.015	0.001	0.001	0.001	<0.001
Main person who prepared food
By myself	9.53 ± 2.11	19.62 ± 4.41	5.47 ± 1.92	10.11 ± 3.32	44.73 ± 8.82
Wife/mother	8.51 ± 2.23	17.94 ± 5.24	4.77 ± 1.87	9.57 ± 3.12	40.79 ± 9.52
Housekeeper	8.17 ± 2.61	16.40 ± 5.49	4.84 ± 1.97	9.46 ± 2.98	38.86 ± 10.13
Others	8.94 ± 1.69	17.50 ± 5.75	4.69 ± 1.62	8.75 ± 3.49	39.88 ± 9.00
value	0.003	<0.001	0.165	0.417	0.001

P1: dietary recommendations, maximum score = 17; P2: sources of nutrients, maximum score = 36; P3: everyday healthy food choices, maximum score = 10; P4: diet-disease relationship, maximum score = 21. Total nutrition knowledge = 84.