Dietary Vitamin C and Age-Induced Lipid and Hormonal Metabolic Changes in a Humanized Mouse Model Not Synthesizing Vitamin C and Producing Lipoprotein(a) [Gulo (−/−); Lp(a)+]

Table 1

Serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, and LDL/HDL ratio in each age group and gender. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. n = 3–6 mice per group. For Tukey’s HSD tests, represents a statistically significant difference between H-VC groups and L-VC groups of the same age and gender at the significance level of 0.05; represents ; represents a statistically significant difference between all three age groups of the same gender and diet at the significance level of 0.05.

Parameters (mg/mL) ± SD	Diet	M			F
		8-9 months	1 year	2 years	8-9 months	1 year	2 years
Total cholesterol	H-VC	126.8 ± 14.6	140.5 ± 26.2	100.5 ± 6.2	144.4 ± 7.2	158.7 ± 20.2	140.8 ± 16.2
	L-VC	127.3 ± 48.9	101.5 ± 13.0	149.5 ± 35.6	154.8 ± 19.5	124.5 ± 18.4	132.8 ± 7.1
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)	H-VC	21.7 ± 6.6	33.9 ± 18.2	13.3 ± 2.3	64.2 ± 7.2	73.4 ± 15.2	65.4 ± 12.2
	L-VC	60.4 ± 7.4	13.1 ± 3.1	66.9 ± 31.9	69.5 ± 26.5	43.6 ± 18.7	59.1 ± 5.7
High density lipoprotein (HDL)	H-VC	86.5 ± 16.2	89.4 ± 16.3	60.0 ± 6.5	62.6 ± 4.9	76.5 ± 6.7	62.3 ± 6.1
	L-VC	42.3 ± 27.7	57.2 ± 8.9	55.5 ± 12.1	58.7 ± 0.4	50.3 ± 6.4	59.2 ± 5.8
Triglyceride	H-VC	172.6 ± 60.5	276.7 ± 60.4	164.3 ± 29.6	142.4 ± 12.2	206.3 ± 42.0	122.5 ± 21.8
	L-VC	153.6 ± 32.0	303.3 ± 29.6	255.3 ± 64.6	126.1 ± 32.6	245.1 ± 12.0	231.6 ± 99.4
LDL/HDL ratio	H-VC	0.3	0.4	0.2	1	1	1.1
	L-VC	1.1	0.2	1.2	1.2	0.9	1