Impact of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on the Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Parameters of Patients with Controlled Hypertension
Table 5
Heart rate variability analysis during and after Ramadan.
Afternoon
Evening
Morning
value (within day)
During Ramadan
After Ramadan
value
During Ramadan
After Ramadan
value
During Ramadan
After Ramadan
value
During Ramadan
After Ramadan
RR interval-derived parameters
Mean RR interval (ms)
749.96 ± 17.96
768.74 ± 14.92
0.092
707.37 ± 18.81 #
754.51 ± 13.44
0.009
817.68 ± 15.37
798.14 ± 15.02
0.181
<0.0001
0.008
SDNN (ms)
58.62 ± 5.24
44.44 ± 3.55
0.013
46.23 ± 5.95 #
40.52 ± 3.38
0.574
61.32 ± 4.39
53.36 ± 4.49
0.082
0.011
0.006
PNN50 (%)
9.43 ± 2.40
8.14 ± 1.84
0.704
7.02 ± 2.23
6.35 ± 1.72
0.817
10.16 ± 2.44
9.87 ± 2.33
0.711
0.274
0.049
RMSSD (ms)
40.14 ± 7.47
31.83 ± 5.01
0.349
32.37 ± 7.68
27.96 ± 3.97
0.805
34.72 ± 5.13
35.56 ± 5.56
0.984
0.394
0.204
SD1 (ms)
28.38 ± 5.28
22.51 ± 3.54
0.348
22.89 ± 5.43
19.77 ± 2.81
0.805
24.55 ± 3.63
25.14 ± 3.93
0.984
0.394
0.204
SD2 (ms)
75.17 ± 5.86
57.02 ± 4.03
0.006
59.30 ± 6.74 #
52.66 ± 4.16
0.565
81.32 ± 5.54
69.43 ± 5.41
0.059
0.003
0.005
SD2/SD1
4.68 ± 0.34
3.53 ± 0.23
0.001
4.51 ± 0.32
3.52 ± 0.25
0.009
4.94 ± 0.40
4.03 ± 0.29
0.086
0.518
0.148
Stress index (pts.)
279.13 ± 32.42
350.43 ± 44.66
0.032
445.69 ± 45.62 #
347.31 ± 35.74
0.07
231.33 ± 25.99
261.68 ± 30.99
0.429
<0.0001
0.014
Parameters spectral analysis
Rel. power HF band (%)
16.88 ± 2.60
16.64 ± 2.14
0.918
14.47 ± 2.23
15.53 ± 1.83
0.762
14.35 ± 1.86
19.82 ± 2.82
0.05
0.460
0.155
Rel. Power LF band (%)
27.38 ± 1.88
34.73 ± 2.12
0.003
30.03 ± 1.64
35.55 ± 1.97
0.059
26.52 ± 1.61
29.23 ± 2.26
0.290
0.268
0.070
LF/HF ratio
4.87 ± 0.83
3.41 ± 0.32
0.053
4.93 ± 0.59
4.15 ± 0.47
0.218
4.22 ± 0.62
4.54 ± 0.77
0.764
0.651
0.213
Rhythmisation degree
7.10 ± 0.62
6.76 ± 0.61
0.464
6.00 ± 0.76
5.98 ± 0.46
0.165
6.37 ± 0.51
6.50 ± 0.48
0.710
0.260
0.266
HF band (0.150–0.400 Hz); LF band (0.040–0.150 Hz); VLF band (0.003–0.040 Hz); ULF band (0.0001–0.0030 Hz). Values presented as mean ± SEM. Statistically different compared to morning period of the same day. #Statistically different to afternoon period of the same day.
