Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Metabolic Syndrome and Their Components in Middle-Class Adults from Damascus, Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 4

Comparison of nutrient intake by patients with different number of metabolic disorders.

	No MetS component		One MetS component		Two MetS components		Three MetS components		p value
	Media	SE	Media	SE	Media	SE	Media	SE
Energy, Kcal	2200.4	242.4	2214.1	150.4	2693.9	194.6	2700.1	140.4	0.07
Carbohydrates, g	288.2	30.7	275.4	26.9	330.8	26.0	313.9	17.8	0.5
Fiber, g	19.0	2.9	19.6	1.7	21.6	2.3	22.7	1.6	0.5
Protein, g	75.9	10.0	71.4	5.5	92.6∗	7.3	92.2∗	4.9	0.03
Dietary cholesterol, mg	345.7	56.5	278.8	26.4	265.5	30.9	326.0	23.9	0.3
Fat, g	91.7	10.9	93.4	7.4	119.6	10.9	133.5∗	10.0	0.01
MUFA, g	38.1	5.4	38.8	3.3	53.4	5.2	57.5∗	5.1	0.01
PUFA, g	14.7	2.3	17.3	1.9	23.1	2.8	24.3∗	2.4	0.02
SFA, g	22.9	2.6	23.0	3.2	27.0	3.2	40.2	10.1	0.3
Sugar, g	144.7	22.5	139.7	13.1	125.8	10.6	147.7	10.9	0.5
Retinol, μg	467.9	73.9	505.0	47.7	434.3	49.3	670.3	134.3	0.3
Vitamin D, μg	2.7	0.7	2.0	0.2	1.8	0.3	2.5	0.3	0.2
Vitamin E, mg	12.1	1.8	14.0	1.1	17.2	2.1	19.4∗	1.9	0.04
Vitamin K, μg	56.4	39.1	273.6	242.2	243.7	148.3	225.6	114.4	0.3
Sodium, mg	3723.6	371.0	3629.9	233.8	4243.1	339.8	4524.7	344.8	0.2
Vitamin B6, mg	3.1	0.5	2.7	0.2	2.7	0.2	4.4	1.5	0.6
Vitamin B12, mg	6.6	2.1	18.3	4.2	12.8	3.2	12.5	2.6	0.06
Folic acid, μg	640.0	96.7	440.1	44.7	440.1	34.8	584.2∗	42.4	0.03
Potassium, mg	3963.3	577.8	3368.1	300.4	3901.6	300.9	4282.7	213.8	0.1
Calcium, mg	1200.3	183.9	962.0	75.6	1002.4	73.0	1132.4	73.8	0.3
Magnesium, mg	344.7	37.2	358.8	23.0	403.6	27.8	422.2	24.6	0.2
Phosphorus, mg	1486.5	221.5	1467.6	165.4	1580.3	137.8	1637.4	80.6	0.8
Iron, mg	11.0	1.4	11.7	1.0	13.1	0.9	13.7	0.8	0.3

MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA: saturated fatty acids; SE: standard error. Data compared by one-way ANOVA. ^∗Statistically significant difference () from the group without any metabolic alteration by the post hoc Dunnett’s test.