Clinical Efficacy of Curcumin and Vitamin E on Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Primary Symptoms of Menopause in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 4

Serum levels of MDA, TAC, and hs-CRP among the study groups.

Variable	Curcumin (n = 26)	Vitamin E (n = 27)	Placebo (n = 28)	value E/P^‡
MDA (nmol/mL)
Baseline^†	2.4 (0.9)	2.4 (0.9)	2.3 (1.29)	0.920
After 8 weeks^†	1.9 (0.6)	2.2 (0.7)	2.1 (1.0)	0.993
MD (95% CI)	−0.5 (−0.8 to −0.1)	−0.2 (−0.9 to 0.40)	−0.2 (−0.6 to 0.1)
value	0.009	0.195	0.230
TAC (mmol/L)
Baseline^†	1.3 (0.3)	1.3 (0.20)	1.5 (0.3)	0.820
After 8 weeks^†	1. 5 (0.3)	1.4 (0.20)	1.6 (0.3)	0.997
MD (95% CI)	0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)	0.1 (0.01 to 0.2)	0.05 (−0.01 to 0.1)
value	<0.001	0.006	0.118
hs-CRP (mg/L)
Baseline^†	5.1 (3. 4)	4.9 (2.3)	5.1 (3.3)	0.998
After 8 weeks^†	4.6 (2.6)	4.8 (2.3)	4.8 (3.3)	0.861
MD (95% CI)	−0.5 (−0.8 to −0.2)	−0.1 (−0.7 to 0.5)	−0.3 (−0.7 to 0.1)
value	0.025	0.718	0.219

MDA: malondialdehyde, TAC: total antioxidant capacity, hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, MD: mean difference, CI: confidence interval; ^†mean (SD), ^‡ value _E/P: value of pairwise comparison between vitamin E and placebo groups, ^§ value _C/P: value of pairwise comparison between curcumin and placebo groups; one-way ANOVA by Tukey, analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline measures and confounding factors (vitamin C intake), paired-samples t-test.