Research Article

Can Following Paleolithic and Mediterranean Diets Reduce the Risk of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study on Iranian Women

Table 2

General characteristics of participants across the tertiles of PD and MD scores.

VariableTotal
435
PD valueMD value
T1
152
T2
132
T3
151
T1
132
T2
147
T3
156

Age (year)31.37 ± 7.5230.67 ± 7.6431.26 ± 7.5332.18 ± 7.350.21430.77 ± 7.3131.70 ± 7.6931.58 ± 7.540.536
BMI (kg/m2)23.78 ± 4.1023.82 ± 4.1923.28 ± 3.8324.16 ± 4.210.19123.69 ± 3.8723.83 ± 4.4423.80 ± 3.970.985
Physical activity (Met.h/d)39.79 ± 6.5838.94 ± 6.9540.06 ± 6.2240.39 ± 6.470.13539.13 ± 6.8439.79 ± 6.6940.34 ± 6.240.299
SES (n (%))0.0320.619
 Low165 (37.9%)70 (42.4%)47 (28.5%)48 (29.1%)56 (33.9%)57 (34.5%)52 (31.5%)
 Medium109 (25.0%)39 (35.8%)28 (25.7%)42 (38.5%)31 (28.4%)37 (33.9%)41 (37.6%)
 High161 (37.1%)43 (26.7%)57 (35.4%)61 (37.9%)45 (28.0%)53 (32.9%)63 (39.1%)
Marital status (n (%))0.4150.709
 Single183 (42.0%)64 (35.0%)61 (33.3%)58 (31.7%)52 (28.4%)62 (33.9%)69 (37.7%)
 Married252 (58.0%)88 (34.9%)71 (28.2%)93 (36.9%)80 (31.7%)85 (33.7%)87 (34.5%)
Educational status (n (%))0.7700.338
 ≤Diploma139 (31.9%)51 (36.7%)43 (30.9%)45 (32.4%)45 (32.4%)51 (36.7%)43 (30.9%)
 >Diploma296 (68.1%)101 (34.1%)89 (30.1%)106 (35.8%)87 (29.4%)96 (32.4%)113 (38.2%)
Supplement use (n (%))0.1060.955
 Yes163 (37.5%)50 (30.7%)59 (36.2%)54 (33.1%)50 (30.7%)56 (34.4%)57 (35.0%)
 No272 (62.5%)102 (37.5%)73 (26.8%)97 (35.7%)82 (30.1%)91 (33.5%)99 (36.4%)

PD, Paleolithic diet; MD, Mediterranean diet; SES, socioeconomic status. Values are mean (SD) for continuous variables and percentage for dichotomous variables. Using one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.