Enteral Nutrition Safety and Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 on Continuous Infusion of Neuromuscular Blockers: A Retrospective Study
Table 2
Enteral nutrition parameters and signs of gastrointestinal intolerance in the study patients.
Nonproned N = 66
Proned N = 115
value
Pre-NMBA day
Max EN volume in ml/hr
0 (0, 301)
0 (0, 13)
0.29
EN volume in ml/24 hr
0 (0, 712)
0 (0, 858)
0.47
Max GRV per check
28 (0, 86)
20 (0, 150)
0.52
GRV in ml/24 hr
65 (0, 170)
30 (681, 400)
0.77
No of vomiting episodes
0 (0, 0)
0 (0, 0)
1.0
No of bowel movements
0 (0, 0)
0 (0, 0)
0.99
Patients with diarrhea, N (%)
2 (3.0)
7 (6.1)
0.49
NMB day 1
Max EN volume in ml/hr
30 (10, 52.5)
33(12, 60)
0.49
EN volume in ml/24 hr
320 (30, 720)
431 (50, 90)
0.49
Max GRV per check
0 (0, 70)
20 (0, 100)
0.16
GRV in ml/24 hr
0 (0, 145)
30 (0, 215)
0.16
No of vomiting episodes
0 (0, 0)
0 (0, 0)
1.0
No of bowel movements
0 (0, 1)
0 (0, 1)
0.96
Patients with diarrhea, N (%)
2 (3.0)
5 (4.3)
1.0
NMB day 2
Max EN volume in ml/hr
40 (30, 60)
40 (30, 61)
0.79
EN volume in ml/24 hr
632 (355, 935)
635 (220, 898)
0.77
Max GRV per check
50 (20, 150)
75 (8, 173)
0.96
GRV in ml/24 hr
140 (30, 430)
120 (10, 400)
0.56
No of vomiting episodes
0 (0, 0)
0 (0, 0)
1.0
No of bowel movements
0 (0, 1)
0 (0, 0)
0.75
Patients with diarrhea, N (%)
1/63 (1.6)
4/109 (3.7)
0.65
NMB day 3
Max EN volume in ml/hr
41 (30, 57)
40 (30, 60)
0.61
EN volume in ml/24 hr
646 (470, 1144)
713 (482, 1078)
0.81
Max GRV per check
70 (15, 175)
70 (20, 180)
0.95
GRV in ml/24 hr
170 (30, 390)
165 (33, 428)
0.83
No of vomiting episodes
0 (0, 0)
0 (0, 0)
0.41
No of bowel movements
0 (0, 0.2)
0 (0, 1)
0.52
Patients with diarrhea, N (%)
2/46 (4.3)
10 (81)
0.21
NMB day 4
Max EN volume in ml/hr
44 (32, 56)
40 (30, 61)
0.63
EN volume in ml/24 hr
789 (561, 1101)
726 (528, 1116)
0.55
Max GRV per check
100 (28, 185)
80 (30, 180)
0.59
GRV in ml/24 hr
210 (75, 665)
200 (40, 470)
0.33
No of vomiting episodes
0 (0, 0)
0 (0, 0)
0.16
No of bowel movements
0 (0, 1)
0 (0, 1)
0.74
Patients with diarrhea, N (%)
5/39 (12.8)
7/75 (9.3)
0.54
Post-NMBA day 1
Max EN volume in ml/hr
51 (34, 65)
50 (38, 69)
0.27
EN volume in ml/24 hr
934.5 (640, 1356)
980 (720, 1440)
0.41
Max GRV per check
80 (0, 150)
50 (0, 173)
1.0
GRV in ml/24 hr
250 (85, 395)
165 (60, 504)
0.95
Vomiting episodes
0 (0, 0)
0 (0, 0)
0.45
No of bowel movements
0 (0, 0.5)
0 (0, 1)
0.18
Patients with diarrhea, N (%)
5/62 (8.1)
11/110 (10.0)
0.68
Post-NMBA day 2
Max EN volume in ml/hr
56 (35, 68)
50 (38, 68)
0.89
EN volume in ml/24 hr
1008 (702, 1432)
897 (706, 1424)
0.46
Max GRV per check
203.78 (10, 200)
50 (20, 160)
0.32
GRV in ml/24 hr
235 (10, 580)
118 (28, 347)
0.21
No of vomiting episodes
0 (0, 0)
0 (0, 0)
1.0
No of bowel movements
0 (0, 2)
0 (0, 2)
0.85
Patients with diarrhea, N (%)
7/56 (12.5)
13/92 (14.1)
0.78
EN: enteral nutrition, GRV: gastric residual volume, NMBA: neuromuscular blocking agent, Q1: first quartile, and Q3: third quartile. Continuous variables were presented as median with interquartile range (not normally distributed). Chi square test/Fisher’s exact test was done for categorical variables (significant at <0.05). Mann–Whitney test was performed for all continuous variables (significant at <0.05).
