Improvement of Stability and Transdermal Delivery of Bioactive Compounds in Green Robusta Coffee Beans Extract Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

Table 4

Antioxidant activities of green robusta coffee bean extracts detected by DPPH assay, lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay, and FRAP assay.

Samples	DPPH assay IC50 (µg/ml)	Lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay % inhibition	FRAP assay FRAP value (mM FeSO4/g)
CP	34.1 ± 0.9^a	38.8 ± 1.7^a	234.5 ± 12.3^a
YL	44.2 ± 1.4^a	14.4 ± 0.4^b	231.8 ± 3.1^a
CR	48.6 ± 3.4^a	15.3 ± 0.7^b	211.7 ± 16.9^a
CA	7.1 ± 1.2^b	45.3 ± 0.4^a	234.5 ± 0.1^a
CGA	10.5 ± 1.3^b	34.1 ± 1.8^a	234.5 ± 0.1^a
CF	ND	ND	37.02 ± 10.7^b

Different letters within the same column mean significant difference (). ND: not detected, CP: green robusta coffee beans extract from Chumphon, YL: green robusta coffee beans extract from Yala, CR: green robusta coffee beans extract from Chaing Rai, CA: caffeic acid, CGA: chlorogenic acid, and CF: caffeine.