Graphene and g-C₃N₄-Based Gas Sensors

Table 8

Characteristics of graphene with dopants.

Ref.	Gas	Dopant	Minimum concentration (ppt)	Detection limit (ppt)	Theoretical adsorption energy (Ead) (eV)	Theoretical Mulliken charge (Q) (e)
[86, 87]	NO	Pristine	10	0.158	0.029	0.018
[82]		Pristine	—	—	−0.30	0.04
[82]		Boron	—	—	−1.07	0.15
[82]		Nitrogen	—	—	−0.40	0.01
[86, 87]	NO2	Pristine	20	2.06	0.067	−0.099
[82]		Pristine	—	—	−0.48	−0.19
[82]		Boron	—	—	−1.37	−0.34
[82]		Nitrogen	—	—	−0.98	−0.55
[86, 87]	NH3	Pristine	200	33.2	0.031	0.027
[82]		Pristine	—	—	−0.11	0.02
[82]		Boron	—	—	−0.50	0.40
[82]		Nitrogen	—	—	−0.12	0.04
[87]	N2O	Pristine	200	103	—	—
[87]	O2	Pristine	200	38.8	—	—
[86]	CO	Pristine	—	—	0.014	0.012
[82]		Pristine	—	—	−0.12	−0.01
[82]		Boron	—	—	−0.14	−0.02
[82]		Nitrogen	—	—	−0.14	0
[87]	CO2	Pristine	200	136	—	—
[82, 87]	SO2	Pristine	200	67.4	0.012	−0.077
[83]		Boron	—	—	0.205	−0.110