Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Improved Delivery of Therapeutics via the Oral Route

Table 1

List of solid/liquid lipids, surfactants, and surface modifiers commonly used in the fabrication of NLCs.

Solid lipids	Melting point (°C)
Stearic acid	67–69
Behenic acid	80
Palmitic acid	83
Lauric acid	43
Carnauba wax	78–88
Goat wax	40–50
Beeswax	62–64
Theobroma oil	35–37
Tristearin/glyceryl tristearate	70–74
Cetyl palmitate	54
Glyceryl monostearate	54–64
Imwitor 372P, 491, 900k, 928	61–77, 34
Glyceryl palmitostearate	50–60
Glyceryl behenate	65–77
Trilaurin (Dynasan 112)	43–46
Trimyristin (Dynasan 114)	55–58
Tristearin (Dynasan 118)	70–73
Tripalmitin (Dynasan 116)	61–65
Tribehenate (Dynasan 122)	81–85
Hydrogenated palm oil (Dynasan P60)	58–62
Hydrogenated palm oil (Softisan 154)	53–58
Softisan 100, 138, 142, 154, 378, 601, 645, 649	33–58
Witepsol (E, W, S, H)	31–44
Liquid lipids	Viscosity (mPas at 20–30°C)
Miglyol (808, 810N, 812N, 818)	23–33
Capric acid	25–32
Caprylic acid	26–32
Oleic acid	40
Fatty acid esters	6.57
Propylene glycol fatty acid esters	6.98
Mineral oil	95–100
Vitamin E	NA
Olive oil	85
Castor oil	390
Palm oil	130
Coconut oil	85
Soybean oil	55
Jojoba oil	33.3
Mustard oil	117
Garlic oil	80
Clove oil	9
Emulsifiers/coemulsifiers	HLB value
Polysorbate 20, 80	15–17
Solutol HS	15
Poloxamer 188	29
Poloxamine 908	31
Cremophor El	12–17
Sodium cholate	18
Sodium dodecyl sulfate	40
Polyvinyl alcohol	18
Sodium oleate	18
Soy lecithin	4
Egg lecithin	6.6
Lecithin	3–5
Surface innovators
Wheat germ agglutinin
Hyaluronic acid
Mannose
β-d-galactosides
Ferritin
Transferrin
Biotin
L-arginine
Oligochitosan
Polyethylene glycol
Folic acid