Cancer Malignancy Is Enhanced by Glyceraldehyde-Derived Advanced Glycation End-Products

Figure 3

The migration and invasion capacities of A549 cells were evaluated in transwell chambers and Matrigel invasion chambers, respectively. The cells were incubated with control unglycated BSA or Glycer-AGEs for 20 h (a) or 48 h (b). The nonmigrating or non-invading cells remaining above the chamber membrane were removed with cotton swabs. The cells that migrated to or invaded the opposite side of the chamber membrane were counted. (a) Migration assay. (b) Invasion assay. Data are shown as the mean $\pm$ SD ($n\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}3$) ${}^{*}P\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}<\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}.05\text{,}$${}^{**}P\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}<\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}.01$ versus control unglycated BSA.

(a)

(b)