Research Article
Risk Factors for Fatal Pulmonary Hemorrhage following Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Stage 3B/C Squamous-Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients
Table 2
Uni- and multivariate correlates of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage.
| Variable | Patients (N=505) | FPH (N=13) | Univariate P-value | Multivariate P-value |
| Age, y (%) | | | | | ≤70 | 423 (83.8) | 11 (2.6) | 0.81 | - | >70 | 82 (16.2) | 2 (2.4) | | |
| Gender, n (%) | | | | | Male | 352 (69.7) | 9 (2.5) | 0.78 | - | Female | 153 (30.3) | 4 (2.6) | | |
| ECOG performance, n (%) | | | | | 0 | 205 (40.6) | 5 (2.4) | 0.86 | - | 1 | 300 (59.4) | 8 (2.7) | | |
| Smoking history, n (%) | | | | | Absent | 31 (6.1) | 1 (3.2) | 0.78 | - | Present | 474 (93.9) | 12 (2.5) | | |
| Median smoking duration, (pack/y) | | | | | <28 | 251 (49.7) | 6 (2.4) | 0.96 | - | ≥28 | 254 (50.3) | 7 (2.8) | | |
| Weight loss, n (%) | | | | | ≤5% | 395 (78.2) | 8 (2.0) | 0.21 | - | >5% | 110 (21.8) | 5 (4.5) | | |
| Anemia, n (%) | | | | | Absent | 325 (64.4) | 8 (2.5) | 0.85 | - | Present | 180 (35.6) | 5 (2.8) | | |
| Hemoptysis, n (%) | | | | | Absent | 354(70.1) | 7 (2.0) | 0.032 | 0.011 | Present | 151(29.9) | 6 (4.0) | | |
| Stage, n (%) | | | | | 3B | 275 (54.5) | 7 (2.5) | O.98 | - | 3C | 230 (45.5) | 6 (2.6) | | |
| Tumor location, n (%) | | | | | Central | 224 (44.4) | 9 (4.0) | 0.026 | 0.14 | Peripheral | 281 (55.6) | 4 (1.4) | | |
| Median largest tumor size, n (%) | | | | | ≤5.1 cm | 215 (42.6) | 4 (1.9) | 0.25 | - | >5.1 cm | 290 (57.4) | 9 (3.1) | | |
| Median tumor volume, n (%) | | | | | ≤50.8 cm3 | 248 (49.1) | 5 (2.0) | 0.48 | - | >50.8 cm3 | 257 (50.9) | 8 (3.1) | | |
| Chemotherapy, n (%) | | | | | CV | 251 (49.8) | 6 (2.4) | 0.69 | - | CT + CE | 254 (50.2) | 7 (2.8) | | |
| Chemotherapy cycles, n (%) | | | | | 1 | 35 (6.9) | 1 (2.9) | 0.77 | - | 2-3 | 470 (18.0) | 12 (2.6) | | |
| RT technique, n (%) | | | | | 3D-CRT | 286 (56.7) | 8 (2.8) | 0.80 | - | IMRT | 219 (43.3) | 5 (2.3) | | |
| Tumor cavitation, n (%) | | | | | Absent | 445 (88.1) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | Present | 60 (11.9) | 13 (21.6) | | |
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Hemoglobin: <130 g/dL for men and <120 g/dL for women. Median values were used, as receiver operating characteristic analysis did not reveal significant cut-off. FPH: fatal pulmonary hemorrhage; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; CV: Cisplatin + Vinorelbine; CT: Cisplatin + Taxane; CE: Cisplatin + Etoposide; 3D-CRT: 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy; IMRT: intensity-modulated radiotherapy. |